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The Middle East 1908-2011 > general + past mistakes > Flashcards

general + past mistakes Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

pan arabism

A

movement striving for arab political unity, rooted in the feeling of sharing the same language & religion & desire to create an arab state

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2
Q

fedayeen

A

arab militia/guerilla group who were responsible for launching many attacks on israel

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3
Q

baghdad pact

A

1955

an alliance including turkey iran iraq pakistan GB

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4
Q

non-aligned

A

nations that chose not to ally or align with one great power

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5
Q

muslim brotherhood

A

organisation founded in 1928 to spread islam/islamic law

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6
Q

to which group did nasser appeal to the most

A

youth

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7
Q

which middle eastern countries disliked nassers policies

A

iraq jordan saudi arabi

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8
Q

name group in egypt that opposed nasser

A

muslim brotherhood

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9
Q

eisenhower doctrin 1957

A

eisenhower declared that internatinal commuism was the greatest threat to the middle east, USA promised financial aid to any country that resisted it

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10
Q

uar

A

united arab republic

formed feb 1958

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11
Q

who suceeded nasser in 1970

A

answar sadat

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12
Q

who ruled prior to the 52 egyptian revolution

A

king farouk

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13
Q

PLO

A

organisation to represent the palestinian people in the struggle for the liberation of palestine, set up in 1964

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14
Q

imperialism

A

extending a countrys power & influence over other territories

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15
Q

who become president of egypt after the coup

A

general naguib

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16
Q

nasser became president in

A

1954

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17
Q

to nationalise

A

transfer from private to public

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18
Q

who was PM of GB during suez crisis

A

anthony eden

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19
Q

how did the french describe nasser

A

hitler on the nile

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20
Q

why does israel want rid of nasser

A

border raids, refusal to recognise the state of israel, feared increasing military strenght of egypt, egyptian blockade of the tiran straits

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21
Q

how did the us respond to israel GB french action against egypt in 1956

A

condemned it & threatened to cutt off financial aid

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22
Q

which egyptian territory did the israelis capture but were forced to return

A

sinai

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23
Q

fatah

A

palestinian guerilla group founded in 1959 by yasser arafat

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24
Q

brinkmanship

A

pursing a dangerous policy to the brink of war

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25
resolution 242
peace agreement of nov 1967 which called on the withdrawal of israeli armed forced from the occupied territories land for peace
26
land for peace
formula by which israel would give up arab land it had conquered in return for arab recognition of israel
27
brinkmanship
pursuing a dangerous policy to the limits of satefy, in this case to the brink of war
28
incursions
sudden attacks
29
israeli occupation of arab lands during the 67 war
sinai & gaza from egypt golan heights from syria east jerusalem & west bank from jordan jewish settlements were built in these occcupied territories
30
how did israeli win 67 six day war
israelis destroyed air forces of egypt jordan & syria
31
what did 242 resolution call for
israeli withdrawal from occupied lands | arab recognition of israel
32
egypt list the leader
``` british occupation independance from uk - kingdom of egypt 1952 free officers coup 1953 nasser 1970 anwar sadat 1981 hosni mubarak 2011 arab spring, march madness ```
33
airlift
large scale transport of supplies by air, esp in an emergency
34
al qaida
arabic word for base, started off for training recruits in afghanistan it came to refer to an organisation or network of islamists of whom osama bin laden was the leader
35
alawites
members of a shiite muslim group living mainly in syria
36
annexed
took control over a territory + incorporated into the state of israel
37
anti semitism
prejudice or hatred towards jews
38
arab higher committee
committee of palestinian arab leaders, fdn in 1936 attempted to direct the arab rebellion
39
arab league
est in 1945 to represent the arab states originally had six members: egypt iraq transjordan lebanon saudi arabia syria
40
arab socialist union
rebrand name of the party which nasser was in
41
arab spring
revolutinary wave of demonstrations + protests which broke out in 2011
42
ataturk
1935 mustafah kemal adopted the surname ataturk - means father of the turks
43
ayatollah
most senoir scholars in shia muslim
44
baath
rebirth of an arab power founded in syria in the 40s the influence of the baathists later extended to several arab countries
45
baghdad pact
1955, alliance formed by gb turkey iran and later pakistan + iraq
46
black september
a palestinian group which killed 11 israeli athletes at 1972 olympics
47
saddam hussein
leader of iraq, 1979-2003 sunni muslim !!!
48
ayatollah khomeini
leader of iran, 1979-89 shia muslim who had a part in the islamic revolution
49
why did hussein start the 1980 iran iraq war
wanted iranian ports iran was weak khomeini had been encouraging iraqi shia revolution
50
who was backing iraq in the 1980 war
usa uk france soviets kuwait qatar bahrain uae by supplying money + arms opposed new iranian regime of political islam, didnt want similar revolutions in their own countries
51
ceasefire that ends the 1980 war
un resolution 598 called for end to fighting + all prisoners of war back
52
iran iraq war - religious divides?
both are shia majority HOWEVER iraq under hussein at the time was pretty secular, and iran under khomeini was wanting for iraq to become more stronly islamic aka be under shariah law
53
religion in iraq under hussein
iraq is a shia majority country at this poiint | but hussein is sunni - shias + kurds are repressed
54
religion of al qaidi
sunni started in response to soviet invasion of afghanistan. base ends up being in saudi arabia
55
1987 riots in palestine aka
the first intifada result of the israeli occupation of west bank + gaza strip
56
was egypt after 1952 (free officers coup) democratic
hell no arab socialist union was the only legal political party. all others banned + parliament had limited power
57
israeli leader during six day war 1967
levi eshkol
58
israeli leader during 1973 october war
golda meir
59
israeli leader during the oslo accords early 90s
yitzhak rabin - assassinated as a result in 1995
60
why has israeli leaders become more right wing
become more strictly right wing - result of nationalism, right of israel to have the land
61
israels closest western supporter
usa began sending weaponry aid in 60s, having committed their suport to them for decades prior
62
the western plan to attack egypt for suez nationalisation
operation kadesh reminder usa was furious bc they thought egypt might retaliate by asking soviets for aid, which is a nightmare in this cold war time
63
agreements made at the ceasefire of 1991 first gulf war - invasion of kuwait
- no fly zones to ensure safety of kurds in the north, so they could get home - reparations - iraq to destroy all weapons of mass destruction
64
impact of trade sanctions on iraq after first iraq war
- sanctions caused malnutrition and dysentary. 70% of food imported - no chlorine - contaminated water 1/4-1/2 mil kids died trade began again after bombings of 1998

The Middle East 1908-2011 (6 decks)

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