General Pathology Flashcards
what is hypertrophy
when is it normal vs pathologic
increased SIZE of cells
normal: growth of uterus
patho: cardiac hypertrophy
what is hyperplasia
when is it normal vs pathologic
increased NUMBER of cells
normal: proliferation of glandular epithelial tissue of female breast in preg or puberty
patho: inc hormonal stim; cancer proliferation
what is atrophy
when is it normal vs pathologic
shrinkage in size of cell by loss of substance
normal: dec estrogen bc of menopause > shrinking endometrial glands
patho: loss of nerves due to trauma, polio
what is metaplasia
PREMALIGNANT abnormal transformation of an adult fully differentiated tissue of one kind into a differentiated tissue of another kind
what tf is dysplasia
PREMALIGNANT abnormal tissue development
what is anaplasia
MALIGNANT; loss of structural differentiation esp as seen in most malignant neoplasms
reversible type of cellular injury
degeneration
irreversible type of cellular injury
necrosis
what is gangrene
death of body part with putrefaction
dry vs wet vs gas gangrene
dry: area with little or no blood supply, no sepsis
wet: bacterial infxn superimposed on coagulative necrosis
gas: specific to clostridium perfringens
hemosiderin pigmentation changes occurs in what types of pathologies
dz of RBC destruction (hemolytic anemias) in liver, marrow, spleen esp
repeated transfusions, inc absorption from gut (heavy alcohol), excess iron, underutalization
hemosiderin macrophages occur in HF
hyperpigmentation (melanin) occurs in what pathologies
inc ACTH dz
melanin in urine = extensive melanoma
regeneration vs fibrosis
regeneration: renewal of lost tissue (replacement with identical cells)
fibrosis: healing by CT replacement (wound healing/scarring where tissues wont regenerate)
osteoma tissue
bone
chrondroma tissue
cartilage
