General pathology Flashcards
How does sarcoma spread?
Haematogenous spread
How does ovarian cancer spread?
Transcoelemic spread
How does choriocarcinoma spread?
Haematogenous spread
How does renal cell carcinoma spread?
Haematogenous spread
How does carcinoma spread?
Lymphatic spread
Define colliquative necrosis
Also known as liquefactive necrosis - digestive enzymes breakdown tissues to liquid - seen in bacterial or fungal infections of soft tissues like lung, kidney or pancreas. Also seen in cerebral ischaemia
Define coagulative necrosis
Hypoxic injury to tissues leads to protein denaturation. Dry necrosis of tissues. Unlike hypoxic injury tot he brain which leads to colliquative necrosis (liquefaction of tissues)
Define fibrinoid necrosis
Immune-mediated vascular injury (as seen in type 3 hypersensitivity reactions) - seen in polyarteritis nodosa, pre-eclampsia. malignant hypertension
Define fat necrosis
Necrosis involving lipase enzymes seen in breast, skin, omentum
Define caseous necrosis
Granulomatous change, semi-solid/liquid necrosis, seen in TB and syphyllis
Define dry gangrene
Coagulative necrosis secondary to ischaemia of tissues i.e. in acute limb ischaemia
Define wet gangrene
Colliquative/liquefactive necrosis secondary to bacterial or fungal infection
Define gas gangrene
Necrosis associated with accumulation of gas seen in response to exotoxin release, seen with clostridium perfringens and bacteroides
What is the term used to describe necrosis of striated muscle?
Rhabdomyolysis
Define necrotizing fasciitis
Bacterial infection that spreads under the skin causing necrosis to skin and underlying fascia and tissues
