General Pest Flashcards
1
Q
What is Toxicity?
A
a measure of how inherently poisonous a chemical is when inhaled, eaten, or absorbed though the skin of a living organism
2
Q
Acute effects (toxicity)
A
Potential adverse effects from a chemical after a short exposure
3
Q
What is LD50
A
Lethal dose of a compound needed to kill 50% of a population of test organisms. The higher the LD50, the lower the toxicity.
4
Q
Chronic toxicity
A
The delayed adverse effects of doses over an extended period of time
5
Q
What is on the head of an insect?
A
the eyes, antennae and mouthparts (eating and sensing)
6
Q
What is on the thorax of an insect?
A
this is the middle segment containing legs and wings (movements)
7
Q
What is on the abdomen of the insect
A
this is the 3rd and final segment containing sex organs, hairs or bristle like extensions called cerci (reproduction and digestion)
8
Q
What type of skeleton do insects have
A
an Exoskeleton (a firm outer covering to which internal muscles are attached) made of Chitin.
9
Q
What are antennae used for?
A
these are usually segmented sense organs. They are used for navigation, food location, communication, mate location, and in some cases grasping
10
Q
what kind of mouthparts do immature lice have?
A
the same as their adult form, piercing-sucking mouthparts because they develop through incomplete metamorphosis
11
Q
name the 6 types of adult insect mouth parts
A
- chewing (roaches, termites) 2. chewing-lapping (bees and wasps) 3. piercing-sucking (mosquitos, fleas, lice) 4. rasping-sucking (thrips only) 5. siphoning (moths, butterflies) 6. sponging (house flies, fruit flies)
12
Q
What are spiracles?
A
2 small slit like openings on either side of the thorax in primitive insects like cockroaches. in other types of insects they are present on the abdomen. They are external openings to the respiratory system. How insects breathe
13
Q
what are the male and female reproductive organs in insects
A
Males- claspers. Females-ovipositor. they may be present internally or externally and often distinguish species from one another
14
Q
What is molting?
A
a process of getting rid of the outer layer of the exoskeleton and replacing it with a new one. This is how insects grow
15
Q
Are all members of a species actively involved in reproduction?
A
no, many population of social insects (i.e. bees, ants termites) are predominantly non-reproductive females (workers) that only produce offspring under certain conditions
16
Q
What is a CSI? (Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor)
A
a type of IGR that targets the chitin. Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor. chitin makes up 50% of the insects exoskeleton. These types of IGRs do NOT allow molting and the insect dies
17
Q
Insect molt from one developmental stage to another. These developmental stages are called?
A
Instars. Only the final Instar can reproduce.
18
Q
Define Ametabolous and give examples of insects who develop this way.
A
“Without Metamorphosis” silverfish and firebats. The different instars share similar traits.
19
Q
Define Hemimetabolous and give examples of insects who develop this way
A
“Gradual Metamorphosis” cockroaches, termites, earwigs, crickets, bedbugs, and lice. 3 stages: Egg, Nymph and Adult. The different instars share similar traits but the adult form is more distinctive.
20
Q
Define Holometabolous and give examples of insects who develop this way
A
“Complete Metamorphosis” flies, fleas, beetles, moths, ants, wasps and mosquitos. 4 distinct stages, egg, larvae, pupa and adult.
21
Q
What is an arachnid (classification arachnida)?
A
2 body sections. cephalothorax (head and thorax joined together) and an abdomen. Spiders, Mites and Ticks fall in this category. They are NOT insects. Chelicerae mouth parts instead of mandibles.
22
Q
What is an insect (classification insecta)?
A
3 distinct body regions. Head, thorax and abdomen
23
Q
What are the 3 types of metamorphosis?
A
Ametabolous, Hemimetabolous, and Holometabolous
24
Q
what is a biopestcide
A
A bacteria or virus, not synthetically derived, used to kill certain insects. Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Mostly used in Agriculture and forestry
25
what are the 4 ways pesticides enter insects. Route of Entry
1. Stomach poison (must be swallowed and usually is in the form of bait. 2. Contact pesticide (penetrates the body wall to cause death). 3. Fumigants (gassy pesticides that enter through inhalation) 4. Desiccant insecticides (dehydrates the pest by damaging the cuticle and its waxy, protective properties)
26
list the 3 main types of insecticide active ingredients
1. Synthetic Organic Compounds. 2. Non-synthetic or biologically derived organic compounds. 3. Inorganic compounds
27
give examples of pesticides that are neonicotinoids
```
Premise
Pre-Empt
Advantage
Imidaclopirid
Thiamethoxam
```
28
Give examples of pesticides that are Fiproles
Termidor
Maxforce roach gel
Frontline
Fipronil
29
Give examples of pesticides that are Oxadiazine
Advion
Arilon
Indoxacarb
30
Give examples of IGRs
```
Precor
Extinguish
General
Nyla
Archer
Methoprene
Pyriporyxfen
```
31
Give examples of BPUs (chitin inhibitors)
```
Recruit
Labyrinth
Advance
Program
Novaluron
```
32
Give examples of Fumigants
```
Eco2Fume
Methods
Vikane
Profume
Sulfuryl Fluoride
Methyl Bromide
```
33
What is an AI?
The chemical(s) in a product that are responsible of the pesticidal effect on the pest
34
Define Diluent
Any liquid or solid material used to dilute or carry an active ingredient.
35
Define Emulsifier
a chemical that aids in suspending one liquid in another
36
What is a Formulation?
the way in which active and inert ingredients are prepared for sale to the user
37
What is Emulsion?
A mixture in which one liquid is suspended as microscopic drops in another liquid, such as oil in water. When a concentrated pesticide active ingredient is dissolved in oil, and both are mixed with emulsifiers, they form emulsifiable concentrates. When emulsifiable concentrates are then mixed in water within a spray tank, they form an emulsion. Emulsions are typically milky in appearance
38
What are Inert ingredients?
The inert solid or liquid material added to an active ingredient to prepare a pesticide formulation.
39
What is a Propellant?
The chemicals - usually simple hydrocarbon gas, used to pressurize aerosol formulations.
40
Define Soluble ingredient
An ingredient that will dissolve in a liquid, where the liquid is called a solvent.
41
Define Spreader
A chemical that increases the area a given volume of liquid will cover on a solid or another liquid.
42
Define Sticker
A material added to a pesticide to increase adherence (especially to foliage of plants)
43
What is a Surfactant?
A chemical that increases the emulsifing, dispersing, or spreading and wetting properties of a pesticide product
44
Define Suspension
Finely divided solid particles mixed in a liquid (often because of the addition of a suspending agent) and remain suspended in the liquid for an extended period of time after shaking.
45
Define Wetting Agent
A chemical that causes a liquid to spread out, wet or contact surfaces more thoroughly.
46
What is an Adjuvant
A non pesticide added to a pesticide to increase its performance.
47
When are cockroaches most active?
Cockroaches are most active at night when they forage for food, water and search for mates
48
What is the preferred environment for cockroaches?
Cockroaches prefer a moist environment that has a relatively high degree of warmth. They like crack and crevices in homes that are warm. They are not social and gather food for themselves
49
What do cockroaches generally eat?
they really like starches, sweets, grease and meat. They will also eat things like cheese, beer, leather, bakery items, starch in book bindings, glues, hair, flakes of dried skin, and dead animals (even other roaches) and plant material
50
what kind of metamorphosis do cockroaches go through and what are the stages?
gradual or "Hemimetabolous" and it has 3 stages: egg, nymph and adult
51
Which cockroach is the most common in the US?
German cockroach. considered the most "economically important cockroach."
52
Why are German cockroaches so resilient?
they have a larger number of eggs per capsule, it develops the fastest from hatching to sexual maturity, they are smaller than other cockroaches, the mom carries the egg capsule on her back and protects it, they also seem to live close to one another more than other cockroaches which promotes reproduction.
53
How big is a German cockroach and how can you distinguish them?
1/2-5/8 inch long, they have 2 dark stripes down the back of their thorax/pronotum, directly behind the head
54
What do German Cockroaches feed on?
they love fermented foods and beverage residue (i.e beer) if water is present they can live up to a month without food.
55
Which is the largest cockroach?
American Cockroach. grows up to 1.5 inches
56
What are other names for the American cockroach?
Waterbug, Flying waterbug, Palmetto bug
57
What does an American Cockroach look like?
Its the largest cockroach. Its also reddish brown with a pale brown or yellow boarder on the upper surface of the pronotum. They have well developed wings and the males wings extend beyond the abdomen
58
What do American cockroaches like to eat?
They prefer decaying organic matter. They will also eat book bindings, clothing, syrups, and sweets. They can go 3 months without eating and 1 month without water
59
What are other names for the Oriental Cockroach?
Waterbug, black beetle or shad roach
60
What does an Oriental Roach look like?
1-1.25 inches. The female has tiny wings that are functionless and the males has larger wings but they also serve no purpose. Adults are very dark brown or nearly black and have a somewhat greasy sheen on their body
61
What do Oriental Cockroaches eat?
They also, like the American cockroach, prefer decaying organic material inside and outside. They can live 1 month without food but only 2 weeks without water.
62
Which is the smallest cockroach?
Brown-banded cockroach
63
What does a brown banded cockroach look like?
1/2 in long. light brown and has 2 Dark, transverse bands from one side to the other on the abdoment. Think sweat bands or brown belt. Smallest
64
What do brown banded Cockroaches eat?
They prefer starchy materials. However, the will eat almost anything.
65
What kind of metamorphosis do ants go through?
complete metamorphosis with 4 stages. Egg, larvae, pupa and adult
66
What are the 3 distinct castes of ants?
workers, reproductive females, reproductive males
67
How do we tell and ant apart from a termite?
1. The front pair of wings on ants is noticeably larger than the hind pair, while all 4 wings on termites are nearly the same size. 2. Termite wings are not clear, but have a milky, translucent appearance. Most wings will be quite clear when held to light. 3. Ants usually have a thin-waisted appearance, because of the modified abdominal segments called pedicel, Termites have a broad-waisted appearance, because they have no pedicel. 4. Ant antennae are elbowed and have the first segment elongated into a scape. Termites have straight antennae, and all segments are bead-like.
68
What is the aesthetic injury level?
The point beyond which people will not tolerate a pests presence. Many things affect this. they include: The pest species involved, the individual, the environment, the type of business or structure, the specific areas within the structure, the individual pesticide tolerance.
69
adult mice vs baby rat
rats have large feet and large head, mice have small feet and a small head.
70
Carpet beetles like to eat
furs, hairs and dead skin cell (things containing Keratin)
71
Mice and rat gnawing holes
Mice have small clean gnawing holes and rate have jagged gnawing holes
72
Largest Rat
Norway Rat
73
What are the differences between the Norway Rat and Roof Rat identification
chart page 414. Norway rat will be bigger bodied but have significantly smaller ears and tail while the roof rats have much longer tales and larger ears but a way smaller body.
74
which type of roach is found around pictures, picture moldings and on ceilings
Brown banded roach
75
Largest Cockroach
American Cockroach (1.5 inch with wings)
76
Which spider is the most aggressive during mating season
Hobo spider
77
Best time of day to treat bees/wasps/yellow jackets etc
Dusk
78
Which flying insect does not use paper to form their nest?
Mud-daubers
79
When are rats most likely to forage for food?
at night
80
What do you do with the vacuum bag when you prep for a flea treatment?
place it in a sealed plastic bag, and throw it away
81
describe rat poop?
Rat feces can be soft and moist for up to 24 hours. Mouse poop is only moist for 3 hours.
82
When are earwigs most active?
at night
83
What is volatility?
the tendency of a pesticide to turn into a gas or vapor.
84
what kind of mouth part does a flea have?
piercing/sucking
85
What is the active ingredient in Roach bait?
Methoprene or Fipronil
86
what kind of metamorphosis does the mosquito undergo
complex/complete metamorphosis
87
What kind of metamorphosis does a cockroach undergo?
simple/gradual metamorphosis
88
what do flea larva feed on?
all types of organic debris and develop particularly well on the feces of adult fleas because they contain partially digested or undigested blood.
89
What do carpet beetles eat
animal fibers, wool, fur, skin, hair, synthetic blends
90
Do close off or leave open a yellow jacket nest after you treat it.
leave it open. do not plug it.
91
What is a true solution?
any two things that can dissolve into becoming 1 solution
92
What is the best method to bait for mice
many stations with a little food. Mice are nibblers
93
What is the best method to bait for Rats
few stations with a lot of bait. Rats are hogs
94
When a picture of a silverfish is shown...its a silverfish.
Look for the silver color and the 3 spines out the back
95
What is an organophosphate?
First insecticides to replace chlorinated hydrocarbons like DDT. They break down quickly and do not pose the same long term threats of the chlorinated hydrocarbons.
96
What do clothes moths eat
animal fibers feathers, taxidermy mounts, furs, wools, tobacco among others
97
What is a pyrethroid?
a synthetic compound from the chrysanthemum flower that disrupts the nerve impulses along axons. most commonly use insecticides for urban pest management.
98
When asked what a pin stream is: choose the pin stream
Narrow straight stream
99
What do you do with a bee hive after you treat it?
Remove it.
100
How long do flea eggs take to hatch in ideal conditions
2-3 days
101
What is an IGRs?
Insect Growth Regulator. JHA keep the juveniles from becoming reproducing adults. They also help prevent the cockroach from advancing to the next life stage in immatures. The real key is keeping the adults from being able to have fully developed reproductive organs and reproduce.
102
How does Fibronile or Fibroles affect the insect?
they disrupt the nervous system along the axon.
103
Which insects use paper-like substances to make their nest?
Bald faced hornets, paper wasps, hornets, yellow jackets. Answer on the test is "all the above."
104
Which cockroach is found on ceilings, high on walls, behind picture frames and light fixtures. think high as opposed to low
brown banded.
105
Insects have a(n)____ which is made up of _____
Exoskeleton, Chitin
106
Which is a pesticide? insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, Rodenticide?
"all the above." many pesticides do not kill at all, some repel, attract, sterilize or regulate growth. Pests can refer to insects, weeds, fungus.
107
Which spider is aggressive during their mating season late summer/early fall?
Hobo spider, also called the aggressive house spider: Most bites occur starting in August and September when males are out of their hiding places seeking females with which to mate. (this is on the test)
108
label question: if the label says to remove clothing and then rinse you should do what first?
remove the clothing (exam question will be to "take off your pants")
109
What should you do first to control European house spiders?
first focus on removing the habitats and other conditions that favor nesting and significant population levels
110
If a customer is experiencing bites and they believe they have fleas or any other pest what should you do first?
Inspect the area and identify that they have fleas. DON'T TREAT FIRST.
111
If you get a math problem asking about using flea foggers in an apartment what is the answer
3 and 2
112
When treating for Pharaoh ants would you spray or bait first?
Bait. Baits are very effective because the queen will often forage if the food source is close enough to the colony
113
Why is it ineffective to spray instant kill on ant workers
Because the queen the just keep producing other workers.
114
What kind of pesticides in the case of someone that has MCS or IEI should you use (pesticide sensitivity)?
You should focus on baits or other no-odor formulations (page 102). "Try to avoid pesticides."
115
Should you put ball bearings or small rocks in your duster?
YES to help the dust be broken up and not settle
116
When treating for cockroaches in a food prep area how do you treat it?
Crack and Crevice only
117
if you are calculating the square footage of a spray barrier you should?
think and add to your calculation the corners of the home and make sure you account for them being treated
118
Describe a yellow meal worm
The body is elongated, cylindrical and has a harder body wall than the larvae of most other stored product pests. "All the above."
119
Will an earwig crawl in your ear?
No
120
What do earwigs eat?
It attacks a broad range of food material of both plant and animal origin but prefers green plants.
121
Restricted Use vs General Use
restricted use mean that only a licensed PMP (pest management professional) can apply. General use means anyone can use it
122
How do you identify the active ingredient?
make sure it's not the brand name and look of the %.
123
Are box Elder bugs in the same family as Cockroaches?
No, they are not. They have a different mouth part.
124
What mouth part does the box Elder have?
Piercing sucking
125
Where would you place a glue board if monitoring for cockroaches?
Along the wall. NEVER in the center of an area
126
Where would you place a bait station for Rat?
Between rat harborage and their food sources
127
Least hazardous way to bait for rodents
"BOTH" Station with a key. Tamper locked and tamper Resistant
128
Least hazardous way to treat/control rodents
Glue boards
129
When treating for pharaoh ants you should avoid what kinds of treatments?
You don't normally use liquids to treat for pharaoh ants. Control using liquid insecticide or dusts indoors should NOT be attempted as this will rarely be effective and generally causes ant colonies to move.
130
what are clothing moths particularly damaging to?
Organic Fibers stained oil from human hair, human sweat, urine, beer, tomato juice, milk or soft drinks.
131
Boric acid is classified as?
an 8D Borate
132
Brodifacoum (the active ingredient in the product Talon) works by?
It's a second generation anticoagulant
133
how do Pyrethrins (like Demand CS) kill the insect?
They are Sodium Channel Blockers (modulators)
134
How does Zinc Phosphate work?
"None of the above." Zinc Phosphide is an active ingredient that is a combination of Phosphorus and Zinc and is commonly used in a number of rodenticide baits. When ingested by a rodent, the stomach acid turns the Zinc Phosphide into Phosphine which is a highly toxic gas that becomes lethal to the target pest.
135
The active ingredient Methoprene is classified as a 7A because it is a?
Juvenile Hormone Analog (JHA) "IGR".
136
Diphacinone is an active ingredient in rodenticides and it's mode of action is?
It's a first generation anticoagulant (unlike Contrac blox, Diphacinone is slow acting)
137
To minimize tick infestations in the yard. What do you do?
Keep grass and weeds cut short in tick infested areas.
(The answer is NOT all the above because a bird house would bring a tick host - birds, and you don’t take down the fence because that keeps other hosts out of the yard as well - deer and other animals)
138
If the customer claims that they had had an allergic reaction to the last application, what should you do
Same as an IEI or MCS customer. Try to use non-chemical pest management if at all possible.
139
MATH: if you have rectangle that is 12 inches x 6inches. What’s the square footage?
0.5 sq ft.
The area of a rectangle is BASExWIDTH. Convert the inches to feet and then multiply. (1ft) x (0.5ft) = 0.5sq ft
140
After vacuuming what do you do next?
Put it in a bag and throw it away.
141
Is Zinc Phosphide an anticoagulant?
False, no
142
Name an Organophsphate?
Orthene (ACEPHATE)
143
Name an IGR (insect growth regulator)
Methoprene (Gentrol)
144
What is Pyrethrin
Can be used a flushing agent for roaches, repellent insecticide
derived from Chrysanthemum flower.
145
Name 3 Pyrethroids?
Cyfluthrin (CyKick)
Cyhalothrin (Demand)
Permethrin
look for words ending in THRIN
146
Name a Neonicotinoid?
Imidacloprid (Premise)
147
Name a product containing Hydramethylnon
Maxforce, Siege
148
Name the 6 chemicals on the test
```
Imidaclopirid (Premise) - NeoNicotinoid
Cyhalothrin (Demand) - Pyrethroid
(THRIN) - remember, PYRETHRIN
Hydramethylnon (MaxForce, Siege)
Methoprene - IGR
Acephate (Orthene) - Organophosphate
```
149
If a math question asks you about how much product you would use in a front yard and a back yard, the answer is:
1 gallon and 1 quart (2 pints)
150
If a math question asks you about the area of a rectangle that is 15ft by 12ft the answer is
180 sq ft
151
If a math question is asking about a 2ft x 6ft spray barrier around a building that is 100 ft by 50 ft the answer is:
2,544 sq ft.
152
Why would Diphacinone put you at a disadvantage when treating for rats?
The rat has to feed multiple times.
153
Read the Ditrac label because you're going to see it on the test
recognize the common name (Diphacinone), Brand name (Ditrac), Scientific name (numbers), know about the cardboard tubes, roof rats, EPA reg. no. This is one of the mock labels on the exam with a different name (rat track or something like that).
154
What color are the stripes on the brown banded cockroach?
Dark
155
Brown banded cockroaches have what kind of stripes
Transverse. across the body
156
Which cockroach lays the most eggs?
German. up to 60 eggs per ootheca
157
How close to the wall do I put a Glueboard for roaches
against the wall.
158
A surfactant can be
"All The Above" (a wetting agent, an emulsifier and a dispersing agent"
159
A pyrethrin is classified as a
"Other" (its not an IGR, organophosphate or carbomate)
160
Which insecticide is used as a flushing agent for cockroach control?
Pyrethrin
161
Immediately Supervised Trainees must me supervised by:
a Commercial or Public Pesticide Applicator
162
A Commercial Pesticide Applicator is allowed to apply pesticide under which conditions?
Only on sites specified by the categories listed on their license.
