Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Part 1 > general pharmacology > Flashcards

general pharmacology Flashcards

(43 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

TB major symptom? how to tell if active? latent vs active treatment?

A

1 - night sweats

  • to see if active- chest x ray
  • latent - monotherpy
  • active combo therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which drugs are used for latent TB?

A

RI in RIPE
rifampin , Isoniazid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

active TB drugs?

A

RIPE
rifampin , Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

RifamPin MOA, SE?

A

MOA: binds to B subunit of RNA polymerase -> stops mRNA transcription

SE: pink -> pink/orange discoloration of urine/tears , hepatotoxicity, exudative conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Isoniazid MOA, SE?

A

“used in isolation”
MOA: inhibits mycoloic acid synthesis -> stops cell wall synthesis

SE: hepatotoxicity, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency-> peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis/optic atrophy -> vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name for vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ethambutol MOA, SE

A

MOA: inhibits arabinosyl transferase -> stops cell wall synthesis

SE: retrobulbar & bilateral optic neuritis -> decreased VA (reversible, but takes months, some cases irreversible), color blindness

PATIENTS should get baseline and periodic testing for VA and reg/green color discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what ending do antiviral drugs have?

A
  • vir
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is used for influenza treatment?

A

oseltamivir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

oseltamivir MOA, SE

A

MOA: inhibit viral neuraminidase for flu A&B -> prevents spread of virus along mucous lining of respiratory tract.

SE: conjunctivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HIV therapy drugs

A

retrovir, epivir-HBV, AZT

AZT used to present transmission to fetus during pregnancy as well

Atripla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOA , SE of HIV drugs

A

MOA: nucleoside analogs of thymidine -> inhibit reverse transcriptase = RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

SE: Bone marrow supression (ie. decrease in blood, WBCs, platelets -> granulocytopenia, anemia, pancytopenia)

lactic acidosis/ muscle break down (myopathy, myositis), macular edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does reverse transcriptase do?

A

RNA virus -> DNA virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HIV -Aids CD4 count

A

HIV < 200
AIDS < 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HEP C treatment drugs

A

ribavirin + interferon!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ribavirin MOA, SE

A

MOA: inhibit viral RNA polymerase

SE: conjunctivitis
RIBAViriN
- R-retinal detachment
- I - ischemia (CWS)
- B - Bleeding (retinal hemes)
- A - artery occlusions
- V - Vein occlusions
- N- optic neuritis

Need baseline testing + periodic testing esp for DM, HTN patients
*** everything stops once d/c drug

similar retinopathy SE for interferon. peginterferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what viruses are in the herpes family? what type of viruses are these?

A

HSV 1&2
VZV
CMV

DNA virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MOA of all anti-herpes virus agents?

Study These Flashcards
A

inhibit DNA polymerase , to stop DNA synthase

19
Q

What are anti-herpes meds? clinical indications

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. viroptic - for HS keratitis
  2. acyclovir/valcylovir/famciclovir (ORALS) cold sores (HSV1), genital sores (HSV2), shingles (VZV), HZO, HSV keratitis, prophylactically for recurrent HSV.
    - ir. all body and eye
  3. ganciclovir - HSV keratitis, CMV (prescribed as an intraocular sustained release capsule)
  4. foscavir - CMV, when ganciclovir fails, acyclovir resistant HSV infection in AIDS
20
Q

what preservative is in viroptic? why is it bad?

Study These Flashcards
A

thimersol - > toxic to cornea

21
Q

What are the 4 drugs that can cause optic neuritis?

Study These Flashcards
A

D- Digioxin
I - Isoniazid
C - Chloraphenticol, contraceptives
E - Ethambutol

22
Q

Penicillamine is not well tolerated, what three ocular SE can result from treating Wilson’s Dz with Penicillamine?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Myasthetia (diplopia, ptosis)
  2. Optic Neuritis
  3. Ocular Pemphigoid (fluid filled blisters)

Idk what is worse, the copper or the SE from the drug to tx it.

23
Q

Menier’s treatment

Study These Flashcards
A

Avoid cats
Caffeine
Alcohol
Tabacco
Salts

24
Q

Side effects of tamoxifen

Study These Flashcards
A

“think of the C’s”

  1. Crystallin retinopathy
  2. Clots -> CRVO, BRVO
  3. Cornea -> Whorl Keratopathy
  4. Cataract
  5. Cancer -> can cause uterine cancer.
25
Alpha 2 blocker drugs
Flomax Zosin , losin Tamsulosin Prazosin Terazosin
26
what drug is used to treat latent TB?
isoniazid
27
acyclovir,valacyclovir,famcyclovir - what are these used for? - MOA - side effects
oral anti-herpes drug MOA: inhibit DNA polymerase SE: Headaches, GI issues (nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain) *** monitor in patients with kidney and liver disease - give lower doses
28
gangcyclovir MOA dosing SE
MOA: inhibits DNA polymerase dosing: 5x/day - more potent than others (9x/day dosing) SE: blurry vision, irritation - intravitreal implant -> temp decrease in VA; RD and vit heme
29
gangcyclovir preservative
BAK, less toxic than thimersol (viroptic) -
30
what is the most common ocular infection in patient's with aids?
CMV
31
CMV treatments
1. retrovir 2. oral ganglcyclovir, valganciclovir 3. cidofovir 4. foscavir
32
cidofovir MOA, and route of administration
MOA: inhibit DNA polymerase route of administration for CMV - IV
33
foscavir MOA, route of administration, and SE
MOA: DNA polymerase inhibitor route of administration Intravitreal SE: nephrotoxicity and seizures
34
ocular fungal infections risk factors
1. tree branch 2. immunocompromised 3. chronic beat up cornea - ie. constant SPK
35
how do fungal medications typically work?
1. target ergosterol (part of the fungal celldi membrane) 2. inhibit fungal mitosis by inhibiting with microtubule formation during cell wall synthesis
36
Fungal drugs
1. natamycin, amphoteracin B, nystatin 2. azoles (ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, voriconzaole) griseofulvin
37
MOA of natamycin, amphoteracin B and Nystatin indications
1. MOA: bind to ergosterol and form pores in the cell membrane of the fungus-> contents leak out -> cell death natamycin - fungal blepharitis, conjunctivits, and keratitis - fungal infections it works against - candida, aspergillum, and fusarium amphoteracin B - ointment/drop (need a compounding pharmacy for topical forms) for keratitis, IV for systemic and intraocular fungal infections nystatin - oral candida thrush and vaginal yeast infections (NOT INDICATED FOR OCULAR USE)
38
amphotericin B SE
nephrotoxicity only if IV
39
AZOLES MOA INDICATIONS SE
MOA: inhibit ergosterol synthesis indications: - ketoconazole - first oral azole - used for treatment of severe fungal corneal ulcers, systemic infections, and acanthamoeba - fluconazole - available in oral, topical, and sub conj injection forms, notes increase in resistance for endopthalmitis SE: hepatoxicity
40
what should you culture fungal infections on?
sabauraud's agar
41
griseofulvin MOA indication
MOA: inhibit fungal mitosis by inhibiting with microtubule formation during cell wall synthesis indication - scalp, skin and fingerer and toenail infections
42
toxoplasmosis treatment
sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
43
albendazole indication MOA
anti parasitic drug for pork/dog tapeworm, ocular inf. MOA: inhibit tubulin polymerization -> loss of microtubules in the cytoplasm of tape worms

Part 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions