general physiological concepts

Question 1

Define physiology

Answer 1

The study of normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts

Question 2

Define cellular physiology

Answer 2

The biochemical and biophysical processes occurring within cells
IE cell respiration, protein synthesis, division and active transport

Question 3

What is systemic physiology?

Answer 3

The regulation of physiological processes within the body by homeostasis

Question 4

Define anatomy

Answer 4

The study of structure with much less emphasis on function

Question 5

Define pathophysiology

Answer 5

The study of abnormal biochemical and biophysical processes that occur in diseases

Question 6

Define pharmacology

Answer 6

The study of the effect of drugs on the body processes

Question 7

Define nutrition

Answer 7

Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain energy and raw material from nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats

Question 8

Define respiration

Answer 8

Respiration is the release energy from food substances in all living cells.

Question 9

Define excretion

Answer 9

removal of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess from the body of an organism

Question 10

What is a cell?

Answer 10

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Question 11

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 11

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

Question 12

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 12

Glands and tissues that cover interior and exterior body surfaces

Question 13

What is the function of connective tissue?

Answer 13

It provides support for the body and connects its parts

Question 14

Where is muscle tissue found?

Answer 14

Along the bones

It enables the body to move

Question 15

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Answer 15

Transmits nerve impulses through the body

Question 16

What are the parts of the integumentary system?

Answer 16

Skin
hair
nails

Question 17

What are the 11 organ systems in the body?

Answer 17

Integumentary
Muscular
Skeletal
Digestive
Reproductive
Urinary
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
respiratory

Question 18

What is the integumentary system and what does it do?

Answer 18

Its the external cover of the body
Protects deeper tissues from injury
Site of cutaneous receptors, sweat and oil glands

Question 19

What is the skeletal system and what does it do?

Answer 19

The bones

Protects and supports the body’s organs

Question 20

What is the muscular system and what does it do?

Answer 20

The muscles

Produces body movement

Question 21

What are the systems that exchange material between internal and external environments?

Answer 21

Respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive

Question 22

What does the respiratory system do?

Answer 22

Removes carbon dioxide from the body

Supplies blood with oxygen

Question 23

What does the digestive system do?

Answer 23

Breaks down the food for absorption

Remove waste products

Question 24

What does the urinary system do?

Answer 24

Regulation of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance in the body

Question 25

Which systems extend throughout the body?

Answer 25

Endocrine Cardiovascular Nervous Lymphatic

Question 26

What are the parts of the nervous system and what does it do?

Answer 26

The brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors | Controls homeostasis by stimulating particular muscle contraction and gland secretions

Question 27

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 27

Protects the body by attacking foreign substances

Question 28

What does the endocrine system do?

Answer 28

Hormone secretion to regulate body processes

Question 29

What does the cardiovascular system do?

Answer 29

Transports blood to the body

Question 30

What is homeostasis?

Answer 30

Maintaining a constant internal environment

Question 31

What do the kidneys do?

Answer 31

Remove excess water and ions from the blood

Question 32

What do glucagon and insulin do?

Answer 32

Regulate blood sugar

Question 33

What factors in the human body are maintained by homeostasis?

Answer 33

``` Concentration of nutrients Concentration of CO2 and O2 pH Pressure and volume Concentration of water, salts and other electrolytes Temperature ```

Question 34

What are the two main fluids in the body?

Answer 34

Intercellular fluid and extracellular fluid

Question 35

What hormone is released if the blood glucose levels are high?

Answer 35

Insulin

Question 36

What hormone is released if the blood glucose levels are low?

Answer 36

Glucagon

Question 37

What are two components of the extracellular fluid?

Answer 37

Plasma- the fluid portion of the blood | Interstitial fluid- surrounds and bathes cells

Question 38

What are the major cavities the body is divided into?

Answer 38

The cranial cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 39

What is the name of the membrane that encloses the heart?

Answer 39

Pericardial sac

Question 40

What membrane encloses the lungs?

Answer 40

Separate pleural sacs

Question 41

What tissue lines the abdomen?

Answer 41

Peritoneum

Question 42

Where do the kidneys lie?

Answer 42

Outside the abdominal cavity between the peritoneum and the muscles and bones of the back just above waist level

Question 43

What does the pelvis contain?

Answer 43

Reproductive organs urinary bladder the terminal portion of the large intestine

Question 44

What are the hollow organs?

Answer 44

The heart lungs blood vessels intestines

Question 45

What is the interior of the hollow organs called?

Answer 45

Lumen

Question 46

What does the lumen contain?

Answer 46

It could be wholly or partially filled with air or fluid