General principles Flashcards
Type of drug interaction seen in adrenergic receptors, that manifests as an acute decrease in response to the drug after initial/repeted administration
Tachyphylactic interaction due increased arrestin binding and receptor internalization
Mention the main cyt P450 inducers
Carbamazepine Rifampin Alcohol (chronic use) Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbital Sulfonylureas Modafinil St. John's wort
Symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication (atropine)
Toxindrome: ⬆️ body temperature, ⬇️ secretions, flushed skin, cycloplegia, mydriasis, altered mental status, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia
Delirium, coma, respiratory failure
Treatment of acute anticholinergic intoxication
Cholinesterase inhibitors like Physostigmine, that crosses BBB
Characteristics of a drug with low volume of distribution
High molecular weight
High plasma protein binding
High charge
Hydrophilicity
Main adverse effects of biphosphonates
Esophagitis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, atypical femoral stress fractures
The rate of elimination is constant regardless the plasma concentration or dose, per unit of time.
Zero-order elimination
This rate of elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Plasma concentration ⬇️ exponentially with time
First-order elimination
Fraction of administered drug reaching systemic circulation unchanged
Bioavailability (F)
Why does oral administration of a drug leads to F less than 100%
Because of incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism
ATP-driven efflux pump that actively removes a wide range of substrates, including most drugs, expressed on the luminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells
P-glycoprotein
Type of drugs that is rapidly distributed to organs with high blood flow and then redistributed to the tissues with lower blood flow
Highly lipophilic drugs
Type of drugs that when given to obese people, the use of lean body weight or an adjusted body weight is necessary
Hydrophilic drugs
