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MICN201 Clinical Skills > General Principles > Flashcards

General Principles Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is the purpose of the ELM Clinical Skills Module?

A

To build foundational clinical skills used in patient consultations

Includes hands-on learning activities, tutorial-based discussions, and independent learning

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2
Q

What is the third step in a medical consultation according to the Calgary-Cambridge Guide?

A

Physical examination

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3
Q

What is the primary aim of the physical examination in clinical skills?

A

To perform a basic clinical examination

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4
Q

What does the term ‘tikanga’ refer to?

A

Māori customary practices or behaviours

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5
Q

What does ‘tapū’ mean in Māori culture?

A

Sacred/forbidden/restricted

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6
Q

What does ‘noa’ mean in Māori culture?

A

Free from tapu/unrestricted

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7
Q

What should be done before conducting a physical examination?

A

Obtain permission from the patient

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8
Q

What mnemonic is used to start a physical examination?

A

WIPER

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9
Q

What does ‘WIPER’ stand for?

A
  • Wash your hands
  • Introduce yourself
  • Position the patient
  • Expose the patient
  • Right-hand side examination
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10
Q

What are the general skills used in physical examinations?

A
  • General observation
  • Checking vital signs
  • Inspection
  • Palpation
  • Percussion
  • Auscultation
  • Movement examination
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11
Q

What is the importance of hand hygiene in clinical practice?

A

To prevent the transmission of pathogens

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12
Q

What are the ‘5 Moments for Hand Hygiene’?

A

Refer to the specific guidelines for hand hygiene during clinical interactions

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13
Q

What is a key principle of professionalism during a physical examination?

A

Ensure patient safety and comfort

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14
Q

What should you consider about the examination environment?

A

It should be well-lit and free from distracting noise

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15
Q

What should you do to ensure patient comfort during an examination?

A

Pay constant attention to the patient’s facial expressions

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16
Q

What is the recommended position from which to examine a patient?

A

From the patient’s right side

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17
Q

What should you explain to the patient before exposing them for an examination?

A

The reason for the examination and the area that will be exposed

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18
Q

What is included in Standard Precautions?

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
  • Respiratory hygiene
  • Safe handling of patient care equipment
  • Environmental cleaning
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19
Q

What is the significance of general observation in a clinical setting?

A

It provides valuable clinical insights before any physical contact

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20
Q

What factors should be assessed during general observation?

A
  • Appearance
  • Demeanour
  • Apparent state of health
  • Apparent state of comfort or distress
  • Complexion/colour
  • Respiratory rate and pattern
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21
Q

True or False: Gloves are a substitute for good hand hygiene.

A

False

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The physical examination is an essential part of most __________.

A

consultations

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23
Q

What is the recommended action if a patient’s hands are visibly soiled?

Study These Flashcards
A

Wash hands with soap and water

24
Q

What should you do at the conclusion of an examination?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Thank the patient
  • Inform them of next steps
  • Wash your hands
25
What are the signs of a patient's apparent state of health?
Excessively thin or cachectic, pale, diaphoretic, wincing in pain ## Footnote These signs can indicate various health issues such as anemia or severe illness.
26
What does a pale complexion indicate?
Anaemia or shock ## Footnote A pale complexion can also suggest other conditions.
27
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
12-20 breaths per minute ## Footnote A rhythmic pattern is also expected.
28
What might rapid breathing indicate?
Anxiety or respiratory distress ## Footnote Conditions such as asthma or pneumonia may cause rapid breathing.
29
Name two abnormal movements that can be observed during an examination.
Tremors and tics ## Footnote Seizure activity is also considered an abnormal movement.
30
What are some abnormal odors that may be detected during an examination?
Cigarette smoke, diabetic ketoacidosis (nail polish remover), poor hygiene, urine, faeces ## Footnote These odors can provide clues to the patient's condition.
31
What are the components of vital signs?
* Temperature (T) * Pulse (P) * Respiratory rate (RR) * Blood pressure (BP) * Oxygen saturation (SpO2) ## Footnote These measurements provide essential physiological information.
32
What does inspection involve during a physical examination?
Focusing on a specific part of the body to look for relevant signs ## Footnote Inspection is different from general observation.
33
What is the purpose of palpation?
To determine characteristics of an organ or body part including size, location, consistency, texture, tenderness, temperature, moisture, and pulsatility ## Footnote It is a critical skill throughout a medical career.
34
What does percussion help compare?
The density of a structure with neighboring structures ## Footnote It is commonly used in the examination of the chest and abdomen.
35
What are the four types of percussion notes?
* Resonant * Dull * Stony dull * Hyper-resonant ## Footnote Each note indicates different underlying structures.
36
What is auscultation?
The art of listening with a stethoscope ## Footnote It is used to assess heart sounds, breath sounds, and bowel sounds.
37
What should be ensured before auscultating?
The environment is quiet and the stethoscope is properly positioned ## Footnote Correct ear tips positioning is crucial for effective auscultation.
38
What is the mnemonic to remember the steps of a physical examination?
WIPER ## Footnote It stands for Wash hands, Introduce yourself, Permission, Expose the area, Right side.
39
What is a symptom?
Subjective and apparent to the patient ## Footnote Symptoms are what the patient reports to the clinician.
40
What is a sign in medical terms?
Objective evidence of a disease observed by a clinician ## Footnote Signs are typically measurable or observable.
41
Define tenderness in a medical context.
The sensation of discomfort elicited by the doctor ## Footnote It is different from pain, which is experienced by the patient.
42
What does a negative symptom or feature mean?
A symptom or feature that the patient does not have ## Footnote This contrasts with a positive symptom or feature.
43
What does the prefix 'Dys-' indicate?
Difficulty with ## Footnote It is used in terms like dysphagia (difficulty swallowing).
44
What does the prefix 'Hyper-' mean?
High, beyond, excessive, or above normal ## Footnote An example is hypertonia (increased muscle tone).
45
What is the purpose of reporting findings from a consultation?
To convey basic biographical information and an assessment of the patient’s problems and examination findings ## Footnote This is done using medical language to communicate with colleagues.
46
What does the prefix A- or An- mean?
Absence or depletion of something ## Footnote Examples include ataxia (without coordination) and aphasia (inability to speak).
47
What does the prefix Dys- indicate?
Difficulty with ## Footnote It is commonly used in medical terminology to describe challenges in function.
48
What does the prefix Hyper- mean?
High, beyond, excessive, or above normal ## Footnote An example is hypertonia (increased tone).
49
What does the prefix Hypo- signify?
Low, under, beneath, down, or below normal ## Footnote An example is hyponatraemia (decreased sodium).
50
What is the meaning of the suffix -itis?
Inflammation ## Footnote An example is pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx).
51
Fill in the blank: The prefix A- or An- is used to denote _______.
absence or depletion of something
52
Fill in the blank: The prefix Dys- means _______.
difficulty with
53
True or False: The prefix Hyper- indicates a condition of deficiency.
False
54
True or False: The suffix -itis refers to a state of inflammation.
True
55
What is the significance of the prefix Hypo- in medical terminology?
It signifies low, under, or below normal conditions.
56
Provide an example of a medical term that uses the suffix -itis.
Pharyngitis

MICN201 Clinical Skills (1 decks)

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