General questions Flashcards by Marty Durksen

Successfulley communication design intent requires a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ approach
Structured
Random
Linear
Phased

Phased

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The Program Phase consists of:
Needs Analysis
Verification Documents
Design Specifications
Program Report
Construction drawings

Needs Analysis

Program Report

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The Design Phase consists of:
Needs Analysis
Verification Documents
Design Specifications
Program Report
Construction drawings

Design Specifications
Construction drawings
Verification Documents

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The Program Phase is also called the:
Discovery phase
Concept Design Phase
Construction Phase
Schematic Phase
Briefing Phase

Concept Design Phase

Briefing Phase

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Confirm scale using:
A ruler
The scale on the drawing
Common Building elements
A photocopy

Common Building elements

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3" measured on a 1/8" scale is actually:
24'
32'
16'
8'

24’

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Which drawing shows the space as if it were cut apart?
Reflected ceiling plan
Elevation Drawing
Section Drawing
Detail Drawing
Block drawing

Section Drawing

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Who are end users?
People paying for the project
People who operate the system day to day
Architect, designer, allied trades,

People who operate the system day to day

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The eye can comfortably see how many degrees side to side?
8
10
15
30

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Details and words can be seen how many degrees from centre?
5-15
10-20
15-30
5-30

10-20

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Symbols and shapes can be seen how many degrees from centre
10-20
15-30
5-30
5-15

5-30

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The limit of colour discrimination is how many degrees from centre
10-20
5-30
30-75
30-60

30-60

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Is the vertical field of view oriented more above or below straight ahead?

below. 10 degrees when standing and 15 degrees when sitting

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Optimal eye rotation is how many degrees below the line of sight
15
25
30
40

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Optimal eye rotation is how many degrees above the line of sight
15
25
30
40

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Comfortable head rotation is how many degrees side to side?
30
45
55
60

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Two ways to determine the minimum distance to the screen are:
15 degrees from the top of the image to the eye; screen width
45 degrees right to left and 1/2 the screen height

15 degrees from the top of the image to the eye; screen width

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What is the standard seated eye height
30"
48"
50"
80"

48” or 4’

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How much circulation space does a person need?
.5m
.8m
1m
2m

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Passageway clearance should be..
24"
36"
48"
56"

36”

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From the edge to a table to the nearest obstruction should be at least:
24"
30"
36"
48"

48”

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Minimum text height should be furthest viewer divided by:
99
120
150
300

150

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Furthest viewer should be screen height x \_\_, \_\_, \_\_ for Observing content, Inspecting content with clues, inspecting content without clues?
4, 5, 6
1, 2, 3
10, 5, 3
8, 6, 4

8, 6, 4

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Furthest viewer uses what measurement:
Image diagonal
Image height
Image width
viewing task

Image height

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``` Closest viewer uses what measurement: Image diagonal Image height Image width viewing task ```

Image width

``` A good viewing cone or area is how many degrees off axis in either direction? 30 45 60 85 ```

You have a 16:9 screen and know the diagonal, how do you determine the width?

Use a^2+b^2=c^2 to determine the 3rd number in the ratio (18.36). 16/18.36 = x/diagonal. Same applies for any of the dimensions.

``` What measures the light coming from a source such as a light bulb? Refractance meter Incidence meter Spot meter Lumenance meter ```

Incidence meter

``` What measures the light reflecting off a surface? Refractance meter Incidence meter Spot meter Illumenance meter ```

Spot meter

``` An incidence meter uses which units of measurement? Pick 3 Lux Candelas Lumens Foot Lamberts Footcandles Candle power ```

Lumens, Footcandles, Lux | Lumens is the most common

``` An spotmeter uses which unit of measurement? Lux Candelas Lumens Foot Lamberts Footcandles Candle power ```

Candelas. Technically candelas per square meter

A measured contrast ratio is what?

Average luminance of the 8 white squares divided by the average luminance of the 8 black squares

Minimum contrast ratios for passive viewing, basic decision making, analytical decision making, and motion video is (__, __, __, __) 6: 1, 16:1, 32:1, 100:1 7: 1, 15:1, 50:1, 80:1 10: 1, 20:1, 40:1, 80:1 3: 1, 13:1, 40:1, 60:1

7:1, 15:1, 50:1, 80:1

``` Projector throw ratio = Distance/screen width Distance/screen height Screen width/distance Screen height/distance ```

Distance/screen width

``` When determining a projector's brightness, what de-rating value do you use? .10 .50 .75 .90 ```

.75

How do you measure the brightness of an existing projector?

Using an all white image and a spot meter, measure and average the lux in all 9 zones, then multiply by the hight and width in meters

What should the difference be between white image brightness and the work surface

+/- 3x

``` What dB change is the smallest perceptible change noticable? 1 3 6 10 ```

1 dB

``` What dB change is a just noticable change? 1 3 6 10 ```

3dB

``` What dB change is twice or half as loud? 1 3 6 10 ```

10dB

``` Doubling or halving the distance produces what dB change? 1 3 6 10 ```

6dB

Which x-log formula is for Power? 10 log 20 log

10 log.

Which x-log formula is for Distance? 10 log 20 log

20 log

Which x-log formula is for Watts? 10 log 20 log

20 log

Which x-log formula is for Voltage? 10 log 20 log

20 log

What is the reference or zero dB level for sound pressure? dB SPL

Basically zero

What is the reference or zero dB level for Voltage dBV?

1 volt

What is the reference or zero dB level for Voltage dBu? small u

.775 volts

What is the reference or zero dB level for Voltage dBW?

1 watt

What is the reference or zero dB level for Voltage dBw? small w

.001 watt or 1 mW

``` Sound pressure SPL should be between what values? 3-90 1-120 0-140 3-10 ```

0-140 dB

``` Microphone level dBu should be between what values? 0-140 -60 - -50 0-10 -10 - -45 ```

-60 - -50 dBu which is well below .775 volts

``` Line level dBu should be between what values? 0-4 1-140 -10 - -30 0 - -60 ```

0-4

``` Consumer audio level is __ dBV 0 4 -20 -10 ```

-10dBV or .316 volts

``` How many dB above ambient should a space generally be? Signal to noise ratio +10 +25 0 -10 ```

+25 dB A-weighted | If background noise is measured at 35 dB, the system should put out 60 dB

If you are designing an audio system in a multi-purpose room, should you design it for a standing or seated audience?

Standing

``` Headroom dB for a speech application is: 6dB 10dB 20dB 25dB ```

10dB

``` Headroom dB for a program audio application is: 6dB 10dB 20dB 25dB ```

20dB

For multiple microphone placement what is the 3:1 rule?

Mic to mic separation is 3x the mic to mouth distance

``` As a general rule what is the target SPL for speech reinforcement? 25dB 50dB 65dB 75dB ```

65dB

Reflected audio arriving 50-80 milliseconds after direct audio is considered good or bad?

Bad. It's an unwanted echo. Earlier than 50-80ms is reinforcement.

To determine if amplified audio is stable you have to calculate what?

Gain before feedback

What is Equivalent Acoustic Distance or EAD

The furthest distance one can go away from the speaker without needing amplification. Usually about 4 feet

``` Generally what is the Feedback Stability Margin FSM? 0dB 3dB 6dB 10dB ```

6dB | PAG must be about 6dB greater than NAG

``` Standards serve as what? General guidelines Rule of law Common platform for understanding Best practices ```

Common platform for understanding

``` In the heirarchy of design consultation what is the highest level? Project Documentation Regulatory Requirements Manufacturer's Documentation National Standards ```

Regulatory Requirements

``` Which 2 characteristics of light are most important to designers. Source Brightness Colour temperature Structure ```

Brightness | Colour temp

``` The units of measurement for brightness are: (3) candelas per square meter kelvin nit footlambert foot candle lux ```

nit footlambert lux

Light falling on a surface is___? Luminance Illuminance

Illuminance

Light relected from a surface is___? Luminance Illuminance

Luminance

``` The units of measurement for reflected light are: (2) candelas per square meter kelvin nit footlambert foot candle lux ```

Lux | Foot candles

Direct light is measured with a what? Incident Light meter Spot meter

Incident Light meter

Indirect light is measured with a what? Incident Light meter Spot meter

Spot meter

``` A "warm" CCT is below what Kelvin? 2500K 3200K 4000K 6000K ```

3200K

``` A "cool" CCT is above what Kelvin? 2500K 3200K 4000K 6000K ```

4000K

CRI Colour Rendering Index measures what?

How accurately a light source can replicate a desired set of parameters

``` Task lighting should be between what values? 10-50 lux 100-500 lux 300-700 lux 200 to 500 lux ```

200-500 lux

``` Ambient light hitting a front projection screen should be less than.... 10 lux 20 lux 50 lux 100 lux ```

50 lux

``` How much of a dimmer's capacity should be used for incandescent light? 50% 75% 80% 100% ```

80%

``` How much of a dimmer's capacity should be used for flourescent light? 50% 75% 80% 100% ```

50%

``` As a general rule, the colout temperature setting on a camera should be set to what? 3000K the colour temperature of the lighting Daylight temperatures Maximum ```

the colour temperature of the lighting

What is the minimum grade fastener that you should specify? SAE-2, ISO 4.6 SAE-5, ISO 8.8 SAE-8, ISO 9.8

SAE-5, ISO 8.8

What does a block diagram illustrate?

Signal path through a system. Read left to right and top to bottom

``` What are the two methods of cooling a rack? Normalization Pressuration Substration Radiant Evacuation ```

Pressuration and Evacuation

``` What is the maximum load for a breaker or circuit? 50% 75% 80% 90% 100% ```

80%

What is the purpose of an isolated groud circuit?

Minimize buzz or hum caused by a problematic ground loop. Grounding is isolated from the receptacle mounting.

``` What is the most popular conduit in AV Flex conduit Intermediate conduit Electrical Metal Conduit Rigid Metal conduit ```

Electrical Metal Conduit

``` What are the allowable conduit fill percentages? 1, 2, 3+ cables. 30/60/90% 50/75/20% 53/31/40% 60/30/75% ```

53/31/40%

When do Jam Ratios come into effect?

When installing 3 cables. Keep it away from 3

``` When should a junction box be specified? After 100m Every 90 degree bend When exiting a room Every 180 degrees ```

Every 180 degrees

Which has a greater effect on the speed of sound Altitude Air temperature

Air temperature

What is the speed of sound? 1000 ft/sec, 310 m/s 1130 ft/sec, 344 m/s 2000 ft/sec, 400 m/s

1130 ft/sec, 344 m/s

Wavelength is..?

speed/frequency

Can a diffuser work over all frequency ranges?

No. A diffuser of a specific size only works in a specific frequency range

What is a flutter echo?

A series of reflections that continue to bounce back and forth between parallel hard surfaces.

Is having room dimensions that are multiples of each other ok?

No. A cube is the worst

The reverb time of a space (RT60) is what? The time it takes for a wave to repeat itself The time it takes sound to increase by 60dB

The time it takes for sound to decay 60dB.

``` Noise Reduction Coefficients of what are considered reflective? Below 0.2 Above 0.2 Equal to 10dB zero ```

Below 0.2 | Above 0.4 are absortive

``` A Speech Privacy Rating of what is adequate. 0-20 20-40 40-55 55-65 ```

40-55

Does the Speech Privacy Rating apply to all sounds?

No, only the speech frequencies

``` If you want to quantify impact sound absorption of a material, which measurement do you use? STC IIC FTP NRC ```

IIC - Impact Insulation Class. 28-85, less absortive to more absortive

``` What is the sampling rate for an audio CD? 8kHz 44kHz 96kHz 1.2 MHz ```

44kHz

What's the trick for figuring out the bandwidth of 4:2:, 4:1:1, or 4:2:0?

For 4:4:4: it's Horiz x Vert x bit x FPS x 3 | Anything else it's four fourths HxVxBxF + two fourths HVBF + two fourths HVBF etc

``` Which are the lossless codecs? JPEG2000 H.264 MPEG-1 MPEG-2 VC-1 ```

JPEG2000 | H.264

``` Which are the lossey codecs? JPEG2000 H.264 MPEG-1 MPEG-2 VC-1 ```

MPEG-1 MPEG-2 VC-1

What's the difference between intraframe and interframe compression?

Intra compresses each frame individually, file sizes are larger. Lossless Inter only send the difference between frames, files are smaller. Lossey

``` HDMI 1.4's bandwidth is: 5.4 Gbps 10.2 Gbps 16.4 Gbps 18 Gbps ```

10.2 Gbps

``` HDMI 2.0's bandwidth is: 5.4 Gbps 10.2 Gbps 16.4 Gbps 18 Gbps ```

18 Gbps

How are HDMI and DVI similar?

HDMI is the same but with the addition of audio

Which signal id TDMI and which is LVDS?

HDMI and DVI use TDMI | Display Port uses LVDS

What does EDID do

EDID is how a sink describes its capabilities to a source to ensure they work together.

What would you use to organize your EDID information? Let the manufacturer do it Let the control system manage it for you Create a truth table

Create a truth table

``` When setting the gain structure, which one is set last? Microphones Audio mixer DSP Preamps Amplifier ```

Amplifier

Generally speaking what is the gain level range on microphones?

35dB to over 60dB. | Handhelds, 35 and the further you go out to the ceiling mic, over 60dB

``` Which network uses physical addresses to communicate? LAN WAN PAN Internet ```

LAN uses the MAC address of the device

Can you place a device on more than one VLAN?

Yes

``` What is the purpose of a VLAN? Increase network speed Increase network stability Segragate a network Increase security ```

Segregate a network

What is the purpose of Reserve DHCP?

It's a method of reserve static IP adresses on a DHCP network

What does Domain Name Service DNS do?

Translates a name into an IP address.

Which transport protocol ensures data delivery?

TCP - Two way communication to ensure that all data arrived complete. Slower but guaranteed. UDP just fires it across and doesn't care if the data was received. Faster, used when real-time communication is required.

What is the minimum bandwidth required by Dante? 10Mbps 100 Mbps 1000 Mbps

100 Mbps

``` When streaming on a network, what poercentage of the bandwidth should you expect to be alloted? 10% 21% 33% 50% 100% ```

21% | In a network, consider that only 70% of the total bandwidth is available, and that streaming can only use 30% of that.

For these 3 uses, how much latency is acceptable? Videoconferencing, Hi-fidelity audio, Streaming desktop video 50 milliseconds, 10 milliseconds, 3 seconds 200 milliseconds, 50 microseconds, 1 second 300 milliseconds, zero, 1 minute 10 milliseconds, 10 microseconds, 1 second

200 milliseconds, 50 microseconds, 1 second

Multicast transmissions are always delivered by: TCP UDP

UDP, no exceptions

``` In network security what is the CIA triangle? Control, Instantanious, Acceptance Conception, Intermediate, Analysis Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability Constant, Internal, Area ```

Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

``` At what stage of the project is it best to determine the customer's security needs? Needs Analysis Project Award Installation Sign off ```

Needs Analysis

What is the triple-A of access control? Always Allow Access Abide, Abate, Arrange Authentication, Authorization, Accounting

Authentication, Authorization, Accounting

``` When doing a risk analysis, what is the most common response? Avoid Accept Transfer Mitigate ```

Mitigate

If you encounter conflicting regulations or codes, which one should be followed?

The most restrictive.

In projection what contrast ration is needed for basic decision making? 7: 1 15: 1 50: 1 80: 1

15:1 7: 1 - passive viewing 15: 1 - basic decision making 50: 1 - analytical decision making 80: 1 - full motion video

``` How many viewing areas a used to determine the average contrast ratio on a screen? 1 3 5 9 ```

``` What is the best method to determine if audio and video are synced? Check the manufacturer's specs Just eyeball it Blip and Flash Spoken word like a newscast ```

Blip and Flash

General questions Flashcards

(132 cards)