General Questions

Question 1

What are the Bradford-Hill Criteria?

Answer 1

Criteria to determine causation: SCST ABCDE

• Strength - higher strength favourable
• Consistency - similar results in other studies, different methods, location, people
• Specificity - specific cause, specific outcome with no other likely explanation (most difficult)
• Temporality - cause precedes effect (essential criterion)
• Analogy - between observed associations and other associations
• Biological plausibility - based on current knowledge
• Coherence - between lab/epi studies
• Dose-response - high exposure = high effect
• Experimental evidence - e.g. RCT

Also, Reversibility - remove cause, remove effect; related to dos-response.