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Chapter 11 LECTURE > General Review > Flashcards

General Review Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Nervous tissue contains two categories of cells:

A

Neurons & Neuroglial Cells

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Nervous System?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

& Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System contains 2 parts called__.

A

Somatic Nervous System (Voluntary)
&
Autonomic Nervous System (Involuntary)

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4
Q

Somatic (Voluntary) sends to___.

A

Skeletal Muscles

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5
Q

Autonomic (Involuntary) sends to ____.

A

Smooth muscles, Cardiac muscles, & Glands.

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6
Q

What are the 3 general functions of the Nervous System?

A
  • Receiving stimuli (Sensory function)
  • Deciding about stimuli (Integrative function)
  • Reacting to stimuli (Motor function)

Remember “SIM” for function

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7
Q

Neurons share what certain features?

A

Dendrites, cell body, and axon.

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8
Q

If myelinated, a cell body will be____, and an axon will be___.

A

grey, white

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9
Q

White matter contains___.

A

Myelinated axons.

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10
Q

Grey matter contains___.

A

unmyelinated structures

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11
Q

In which 2 locations is gray matter surrounded by white?

A

Spinal cord & Cerebrum

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12
Q

In which 2 locations are white matter surrounded by grey matter?

A

Cerebral & Cerebellum

This is reversed from the spinal cord & cerebrum

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13
Q

True or False:

All Sensory Neurons are Uni-Polar.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Bipolar has how many poles?

A

2

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15
Q

Unipolar neurons have how many poles?

A

1

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16
Q

Multipolar neurons have how many poles?

A

Many (Most neurons of the CNS)

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17
Q

What cells myelinate axons in PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

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18
Q

What cells myelinate axons in CNS?

A

Oligodenrocytes

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19
Q

Name #1 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & its function.

A
  1. Microglia- “garbage man” removes damaged neurons & infections.
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20
Q

Name #2 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & it’s function.

A
  1. Astrocyte- formation of blood/brain barrier
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21
Q

Name #3 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & its function.

A
  1. Oligodendrocyte- myelinates axons
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22
Q

Name #4 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & its function.

A
  1. Eperidyma - lines ventricles of the brain
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23
Q

Synapse =

A

Space

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24
Q

“Messenger” that is released when impulse reaches synaptic knob. Ex; serotonin, dopamine.

A

Neurotransmitter

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25
What is the Cell Membrane Potential?
-70mV
26
Na+ (sodium) into the cell causes__?
Depolarization
27
K+ (potassium) out of the cell causes____?
Repolarization
28
During depolarization which gated channels are opened?
Na+ Sodium
29
Closure of the Na+ gate & the opening of the K+ gate happens during___.
Repolarization
30
When channels remain open after potential reaches its resting level.
Hyperpolarization
31
Membranes that protect the CNS: (3 total)
1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater
32
The "tough mother" outer layer meninge closest to the skull, which covers and protects the brain & spinal cord.
Dura Mater
33
"spider web-like" layer meninge that contains CSF & is made of collagen and elastic fibers.
Arachnoid Mater
34
"faithful mother" layer meninge which clings to the brain and encapsulates blood vessels.
Pia Mater
35
The slender column of nervous tissue that is continuous with the brain & brainstem, extends downward through the vertebral canal.
Spinal Cord
36
The tapered end of the spinal cord.
Conus Medullaris
37
Sack of nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord.
Cauda Equina.
38
5 parts of reflex arcs.
1. Receptor 2. Sensory Neuron 3. Interneuron 4. Motor Neuron 5. Effector
39
_____ tracts conduct SENSORY impulse TO the brain.
Ascending
40
_____ tracts conduct MOTOR impulses FROM the brain.
Descending
41
List 4 major parts of the brain.
Brainstem, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Diencephalon. | *BCCD*
42
The Cerebrum contains:
Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobes.
43
The Diencephalon contains:
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus.
44
Brain Stem contains:
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla
45
Insula contains:
Hippocampus
46
Limbic System contains:
Amygdala
47
2 Types of nerves in PNS
Cranial & Spinal
48
Somatic fibers connecting to skin & skeletal muscles.
Cranial Nerves
49
Structures of a Peripheral Nerve. 3 layers.
Endoneurium (inner) Perineurium (middle) Epineurium (outer)
50
Nerves that arise from the spinal cord.
Spinal Nerves
51
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
52
Which nerves are intercostal and do not form plexuses?
T2-T12
53
The only spinal nerve WITHOUT a dermatone.
C1
54
Spinal Nerves C1 - C8 are called
Cervial Nerves
55
Spinal Nerves T1 - T12 are called
Thoracic Nerves
56
Spinal Nerves L1 - L5 are called
Lumbar Nerves
57
Spinal nerves S1 - S5 are called
Sacral Nerves
58
Spinal Nerve Co or Cc is called
Coccygeal Nerve
59
A cluster of nerves that are formed by different spinal nerves.
Nerve Plexuses
60
Which nerve is formed in the cervical plexus and supplies the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
61
Which nerve is formed in the brachial plexus and is the only nerve to go through the carpel tunnel?
Median Nerve
62
Which nerve is formed in the lumbosacral plexus and stimulates movement of the leg muscle?
Sciatic Nerve
63
Without conscious effort: Smooth Muscles, cardiac muscles, glands.
Autonomic
64
2 Parts of the Autonomic Nervous System.
Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
65
With conscious effort, Skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system
66
Fight or Flight
Sympathetic
67
Resting & Digesting
Parasympathetic

Chapter 11 LECTURE (4 decks)

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