general review

Question 1

what type of cardiovascular drugs end in “-lol”?

Answer 1

beta blockers

Question 2

what is the parameter for classifying HR at sinus bradycardia?

Answer 2

below 60

Question 3

what is the parameter for classifying HR as sinus tachycardia?

Answer 3

above 100

Question 4

what does the “-lol” drug ending mean?

Answer 4

beta blockers

Question 5

what do beta blockers do?

Answer 5

keeps heart rate low

Question 6

what do Ca+ channel blockers do?

Answer 6

keep heart from contracting too hard

Question 7

what do low-pressure receptors do?

Answer 7

they minimize arterial pressure changes

Question 8

what is the bainbridge reflex?

Answer 8

with increase in arterial pressure, will get an increase in HR and strength of contraction to prevent blood from “backing up” into system

Question 9

what causes the largest rise in systemic arterial pressure?

Answer 9

the CNS ischemic response

Question 10

what is the MAP threshold for chronic hypertension?

Answer 10

> 110 mmHg

Question 11

when is renin released?

Answer 11

when BP drops too low

Question 12

what is the cascade that happens when renin is released?

Answer 12

decreased arterial pressure –>Renin–>renin substrate–>angiotensin I–>angiotensin II (powerful vasoconstrictor) = retention of salt and water, vasoconstriction

Question 13

what is an indirect effect of angiotensin?

Answer 13

causes adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone which increases salt/water reabsorption by kidneys

Question 14

what are the cardinal manifestations for heart failure?

Answer 14

dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention

Question 15

what are the three categories of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 15

dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic

Question 16

what is a dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 16

ventricles are stretched and enlarged

Question 17

what is a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 17

the ventricle walls are thickened

Question 18

what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 18

the ventricle walls stiffen and lose flexibility

Question 19

does dilated cadiomyopathy increase or decrease LVEDP?

Answer 19

raise

Question 20

does dilated cadiomyopathy increase or decrease force of muscle contraction?

Answer 20

decrease

Question 21

is dilated cadiomyopathy concerned with systolic or diastolic?

Answer 21

systolic

Question 22

does hypertrophic cadiomyopathy increase or decrease LVEDP?

Answer 22

lower

Question 23

does hypertrophic cadiomyopathy increase or decrease force of muscle contraction?

Answer 23

increase

Question 24

is hypertrophic cadiomyopathy concerned with systolic or diastolic?

Answer 24

diastolic

Question 25

systolic dysfunction in HF addresses problems with _______

Answer 25

cardiac output

Question 26

diastolic dysfunction in HF addresses problems with

Answer 26

getting blood into the heart

Question 27

what are symptoms of right heart failure?

Answer 27

weight gain, peripheral edema, enlarged liver, jugular venous distention

Question 28

what are the symptoms of left heart failure?

Answer 28

dyspnea, orthopnea, decreased exercise tolerance

Question 29

would you expect to hear rales with left or right sided heart failure?

Answer 29

left side

Question 30

what are some ways the heart compensates for HF?

Answer 30

increase MAP, moderate fluid retention, increase LVEDP, decrease stroke volume, decrease contractility

Question 31

What is a diagnostic marker of heart failure?

Answer 31

BNP (this inhibits RAAS)

Question 32

what is the HF triple drug cocktail?

Answer 32

ACE inhibitor, diuretic, beta-blocker

Question 33

what type of drugs end in "-pines"?

Answer 33

Ca+ channel blockers

Question 34

what type of drugs end in "-pril"?

Answer 34

ACE inhibitor

Question 35

what drugs do we use to treat angina?

Answer 35

nitrates, beta blockers, and Ca channel blockers

Question 36

what 5 drugs should a post-stent patient be on?

Answer 36

aspirin, beta-blocker, ACE-inhibitor, blood thinner, and statin

Question 37

what is the purpose of a beta-blocker?

Answer 37

reduce blood pressure

Question 38

what is the purpose of an ACE-inhibitor?

Answer 38

inhibits vasoconstriction (keeps BP down)

Question 39

what is the purpose of a statin?

Answer 39

reduce LDL