General review test 1

Question 1

What borders the heart laterally

Answer 1

Lungs

Question 2

Superior to inferior - Posterior border formed by

Answer 2

Left ventricle and part of IVC

Question 3

What borders the Anterior heart

Answer 3

The sternum and Left costal cartilages 3-5

Question 4

PMI in a normal adult is located at

Answer 4

Mitral area

Question 5

S3 can be normal in who

Answer 5

Young adults and children

Question 6

The PMI with cardiac enlargement is visible at

Answer 6

Lateral to left MCL

Question 7

S3 and S4 sounds like a

Answer 7

Dull, low pitched sound

Question 8

ABNL sounds to hear for in aortic area

Answer 8

Stenosis and aortic aneurysm pulsations

Question 9

What happens if Pericardial fluid is too little

Answer 9

Pericarditis

Question 10

Parietal pericardium is composed of

Answer 10

Thick fibrous tissue and creates a sack

Question 11

Normal quanity of pericardial fluid

Answer 11

10-20cc

Question 12

S2 physiology

Answer 12

Aortic and Pulmonary artery pressures exceed ventricular pressure forcing APV to close

Question 13

What pericardial layer is synonymous with epicardium

Answer 13

Viseral layer (outer layer of the heart)

Question 14

Superior to inferior - Anterior border formed by

Answer 14

Pulmonary trunk & right ventricle

Question 15

Pulmonic area sounds heard best

Answer 15

Pulmonic valve and pulmonary artery

Question 16

Tricuspid area sounds best heard

Answer 16

Tricuspid valve and right ventricle

Question 17

ABNL S3 sound general charcteristics

Answer 17

During diastole just after S2 - ventricles fill fast (SLOSH-ing-in S123)

Question 18

Mitral area is directly over

Answer 18

Left ventricle (aka apical area or apex)

Question 19

Pathologic S3 indicates and referred as what

Answer 19

Volume overload (CHF or MI) - AKA ventricular gallop

Question 20

S2 sound represents

Answer 20

Closure of APV, Onset of Diastole

Question 21

Whats the location of the pulmonic area

Answer 21

LUSB - 2L ICS

Question 22

Aortic area sounds heard best

Answer 22

Aortic valve and the aorta heard best

Question 23

ABNL S4 sound general charcteristics

Answer 23

Late in diastole just before S1 - atria contract against stiff non-compliant ventricles (A-stiff-wall S412)

Question 24

S2 physiologic splitting is due to

Answer 24

Inspiration - lowers thoracic pressure - more IVC/SVC blood enters (Increasing venous return into Right ventricle) - this takes longer to empty causing delay in pulmonic valve

Question 25

S2 Physiological splitting best heard

Answer 25

Pulmonic region between 2nd and 2rd ICS at LSB

Question 26

ERB's point sounds best heard

Answer 26

Aortic and pulmonic origins

Question 27

What happens if Pericardial fluid is too much

Answer 27

Affects right atrium and relaxation of the atrium

Question 28

ABNL sounds of ERB's point

Answer 28

Aortic insufficiency and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 29

Whats the location of the aortic area

Answer 29

RUSB - 2R ICS

Question 30

Which chamber sits most anterior in the chest

Answer 30

Right ventricle

Question 31

What space is the heart located in

Answer 31

the mediastinum

Question 32

What borders the heart superiorly

Answer 32

Ascending aorta and SVC

Question 33

S1 Physiology

Answer 33

Ventricle contraction causes pressure to exceed atrium pressure forcing MTV to close

Question 34

Superior to inferior - Right heart border formed by

Answer 34

SVC & Right atrium

Question 35

Whats the location of Mitral area

Answer 35

Medial to the L-MCL 5ICS

Question 36

Sustained PMI impulse is significant for

Answer 36

LVH

Question 37

Whats the location of ERBs point

Answer 37

LSB - 3L ICS

Question 38

Pericardium is compsed of what 2 layers

Answer 38

Visceral and parietal layers

Question 39

How much of the heart is to the left of the midline

Answer 39

2 thirds

Question 40

The heart anatomy is rotated and tilted how

Answer 40

Rotated to the left and tilted forward

Question 41

S1 sound represents

Answer 41

Closure of MTV, Onset of systole

Question 42

Whats the location of Tricuspid Area

Answer 42

LLSB

Question 43

Which chamber sits most posterior in the chest

Answer 43

Left Atrium

Question 44

ABNL sounds to hear for in Pulmonic area

Answer 44

Pulmonary regurgitation

Question 45

What borders the Posterior heart

Answer 45

Descending aorta, Esophagus, trachea

Question 46

Where is S4 best heard

Answer 46

APEX while pt in left lateral decubitus position

Question 47

Whats the location of PMI

Answer 47

Just medial to L-MCL (4-5th ICS)

Question 48

Where does pericardial fluid come from

Answer 48

Vascular space

Question 49

Superior to inferior - Left heart border formed by

Answer 49

Aortic knob, Pulmonary trunk, LA appendage, LV, apex