General Surgery Basics Flashcards
1
Q
Laparo-
A
Refers to abdomen
2
Q
Thoraco-
A
Refers to chest
3
Q
Colo-
A
Refers to colon
4
Q
Cysto-
A
Refers to bladder
5
Q
Gastro-
A
Refers to stomach
6
Q
Mammo-
A
Refers to breast
7
Q
Masto-
A
Refers to breast
8
Q
Myo-
A
Refers to muscle
9
Q
Nephro-
A
Refers to kidneys
10
Q
Pneumo-
A
Refers to lungs
11
Q
Orchid-
A
Refers to testes
12
Q
Rhino-
A
Refers to nose
13
Q
Lobo-
A
Refers to lobe of organ
14
Q
-otomy
A
Refers to surgically cutting open
15
Q
-oscopy
A
Refers to viewing with a scope and keyhole surgery
16
Q
-ectomy
A
Refers to removal
17
Q
-plasty
A
Refers to changing shape
18
Q
-pexy
A
Refers to fixing something in place
19
Q
-centesis
A
Refers to puncturing with a needle
20
Q
-ostomy
A
Refers to creating a new opening
21
Q
-itis
A
Refers to inflammation
22
Q
-algia
A
Refers to pain
23
Q
-gram
A
Refers to recording or imaging
24
Q
Adhesions
A
Scar-like tissue inside the body that bind surfaces together
25
Fistula
Abnormal connection between two epithelial surfaces
26
Tenesmus
Sensation of needing to open bowels without being able to produce stools
27
Hemicolectomy
Removing portion of large intestine
28
Hartmann's procedure (proctosigmoidectomy)
Removal of rectosigmoid colon with closure of anorectal stump and formation of colostomy
29
Anterior resection
Removalal of rectum
30
Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)
Removal of head of pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder and bile duct
31
3 upper abdominal surgical scars
* Kocker incision
* Chevron/rooftop incision
* Mercedes benz incision
32
Kocher incision
Open cholecystectomy
33
Chevron/rooftop incision
* Liver transplant
* Whipple procedure
* Pancreatic surgery
* Upper GI surgery
34
Mercedes benz incision
Liver transplant
35
3 abdominal organ surgery incisions and scars
* Midline incision
* Paramedian incision
* Hockey-stick incision
36
Midline incision
General laparotomy
37
Paramedian incision
Laparotomy (midline usually used instead)
38
Hockey-stick incision
Renal transplant
39
40
4 appendix surgery incisions and scars
* Battle incision (paramedian)
* Gridiron incision/McBurney incision (oblique)
* Lanz incision (transverse)
* Rutherford Morrision incision
41
Battle incision
Open appendicectomy
42
Gridiron/McBurney incision
Open appendicetomy
43
Lanz incision
Open appendicectomy
44
Rutherford Morrison incision
Open appendicectomy and colectomy
45
2 caesarean section scars
* Pfannenstiel incision
* Joel-Cohen incision
46
Pfannenstiel incision
* Caesarean section
* Curved incision two fingers width above pubic symphysis
47
Joel-Cohen incision
* Caesarean section
* Straight incision that is slightly higher than Pfannestial incision
48
Laparoscopic surgery
Several 5-10mm incisions to allow cameras and instruments to be inserted into abdomen via port sites
49
Diathermy
Uses high-frequency electrical current to cut through tissues or to cauterise small blood vessels to stop bleeding
50
2 kinds of diathermy
Monopolar diathermy
Bipolar diathermy
51
Monopolar diathermy
* Used in small or large operations
* Diathermy probe used by surgeon producing electrical signal
* Grounding plate is placed uner leg or buttocks, so circuit formed
* At site causes localised burning and tissue damage, electrical signal spreads through body to grounding plate
52
Bipolar diathermy
* Instrument with 2 electrodes, current passes between the two and affects the tissues in area
* Used for microsurgery
* Useful to stop signal passing through rest of body, such as with pacemaker
53
2 main categories of sutures
* Absorbable
* Non-absorbable
54
2 examples of absorbable suture
* Vicryl
* Monocryl
55
3 examples non-abdorbable sutures
* Silk
* Nylon
* Polypropylene
56
How is the skin closed
* Subcutaneous tissues closed with absorbable sutures to prevent dead space where fluid or air can go
* Epidermis closed with various techniques
57
Techniques for closing epidermis
* Staples
* Interrupted sutures
* Mattress sutures
* Continuous sutures
* Subcuticular sutures
58
Staples
Rapid way of closing skin which need removed later
59
Interrupted sutures
Series of individual knots
60
Mattress sutures
Series of individual sutures that each go from one side of wound, under and out the other side, and then back again to original side
61
Continuous sutures
Single suture goes in and out along the wound in a spiral shape
62
Cubcuticular sutures
Single absorbable suture side to side just below the skin to pull the skin edges together
63
What are drains
Tubes left inside body to allow air and fluid to drain away
64
At what 3 stages is WHO surgical safety checklist carried out
* Before induction of anaesthesia
* Before first skin inscision
* Before patient leaves theatre
65
What does WHO surgical safety checklist include
* Checking essential factors such as
* Patient identity
* Allergies
* Operation
* Risk of bleeding
* Introduction of all team members
* Anticipated critical events
* Counting the number of sponges and needles to ensure nothing is left inside patient
