General Terms #2

Question 1

spinothalamic tract (STT)

Answer 1

A sensory tract that carries nociceptive, temperature, crude touch, and pressure from our skin to the somatosensory area of the thalamus. It is responsible for our quick withdraw reaction to a painful stimulus such as touching the stove burner.

It consists of two parts:
The lateral spinothalamic tract transmits pain and temperature.
The anterior spinothalamic tract (or ventral spinothalamic tract) transmits crude touch and firm pressure.

Question 2

lancinating

Answer 2

characterized by piercing or stabbing sensations

Question 3

What are the four common types of headache?

Answer 3

sinus, tension, migraine, and cluster

Question 4

What is the difference between primary and secondary headaches?

Answer 4

Primary: not due to a medical condition, comes from issues with the head and neck
Secondary: symptom of underlying medical condition

Question 5

neuroleptanalgesia

Answer 5

a semiconscious nonreactive state induced by certain drug combinations, as fentanyl with droperidol

Question 6

neuroleptic

Answer 6

a drug that depresses nerve functions; a major tranquilizer

Question 7

centromere

Answer 7

something that links a pair of sister chromatids together during cell division

Question 8

chromatid

Answer 8

A chromatid is one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome. Following DNA replication, the chromosome consists of two identical structures called sister chromatids, which are joined at the centromere.

Question 9

ion pumps

Answer 9

channels that use the ATP hydrolysis energy to transfer ions from one side of a membrane to the other against their electrochemical gradient

Question 10

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Answer 10

Transcription is the process of copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule and translation is the process in which proteins are synthesized after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell’s nucleus.

Transcription is first, translation is second.

Question 11

intercellular matrix

Answer 11

A nonliving material, called the intercellular matrix, fills the spaces between the cells. This may be abundant in some tissues and minimal in others. The intercellular matrix may contain special substances such as salts and fibers that are unique to a specific tissue and gives that tissue distinctive characteristics.

Question 12

hematopoiesis

Answer 12

Hematopoiesis is the production of all of the cellular components of blood and blood plasma. It occurs within the hematopoietic system, which includes organs and tissues such as the bone marrow, liver, and spleen.

Question 13

tendon

Answer 13

A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure.

Question 14

ligament

Answer 14

a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable

Question 15

process (anatomy)

Answer 15

something that sticks out of something else

Question 16

tubercle vs tuberosity (anatomy)

Answer 16

they are both rounded projections or protuberances on a bone, used to attach skeletal muscles to the bone
compared to one another: tubercles are small and tuberosities are large

Question 17

trochanter

Answer 17

a tubercle of the femur near its joint with the hip bone, used for muscle attachment

Question 18

condyle

Answer 18

a rounded knuckle-like protuberance at the end of some bones, forming an articulation with another bone

Question 19

crest

Answer 19

any narrow, elongated elevation

Question 20

foramen

Answer 20

an opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone

plural: foramina

Question 21

foramen magnum

Answer 21

the largest foramen of the skull, it is a large hole at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes

Question 22

vomer

Answer 22

one of the unpaired bones in the face; it is located at the midsagittal line and is the inferior part of the nasal septum

Question 23

fossa

Answer 23

a hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone

Question 24

epicondyle

Answer 24

a protuberance above or on the condyle of a long bone, especially either of the two at the elbow end of the humerus

Question 25

coccygeal

Answer 25

relating to the coccyx (end of spine, inferior to sacrum)

Question 26

ProFee coders vs facility coders

Answer 26

ProFee coders code for the physician side, that is, the services provided by the physician. Facility coders code for the facility side, that is, the resources used to deliver patient care (e.g. medical equipment, medication, nurses).

Question 27

sternum and the three parts of the sternum

Answer 27

The sternum is a bone that's located in the middle of your chest. It's also sometimes referred to as the breastbone. Your sternum protects the organs of your torso from injury and also serves as a connection point for other bones and muscles. highest: manubrium middle: corpus sterni (also called gladiolus or body) lowest: xiphoid process, the smallest and lowest division of the human sternum that is cartilaginous early in life but becomes more or less ossified during adulthood

Question 28

paranasal sinuses

Answer 28

a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity; they are named for the bones they are near they are: frontal sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, maxillary sinuses, and sphenoidal sinuses (FEMS)

Question 29

lamina / laminae

Answer 29

a general anatomical term meaning "plate" or "layer", used to refer to several places in the human body

Question 30

lumbosacral

Answer 30

pertaining to the lumbar region and the sacrum together

Question 31

ilium

Answer 31

the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone

Question 32

acetabulum

Answer 32

the socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits

Question 33

bursa / bursae (plural)

Answer 33

a fluid-filled sac or saclike cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint

Question 34

Mohs surgery

Answer 34

Mohs surgery is a precise surgical technique used to treat skin cancer. During Mohs surgery, thin layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains.

Question 35

flexion vs extension

Answer 35

(of a body part) flexion is bending, extension is straightening

Question 36

eversion vs inversion

Answer 36

eversion: a turning or being turned outward or inside out inversion: a turning or being turned inward or inside out

Question 37

talipes

Answer 37

also called club foot | A birth defect in which the foot is twisted out of shape or position.

Question 38

osteophytosis vs osteophytes

Answer 38

Osteophytosis describes outgrowths of bone tissue that form around damaged joints. These growths are also known as osteophytes (phyt/o = growth) or bone spurs.

Question 39

exostosis

Answer 39

an abnormal extra growth of bone that extends outward from an existing bone

Question 40

achondroplasia

Answer 40

abnormal cartilage growth at long bone and skull epiphyses, resulting in dwarfism

Question 41

polydactyly

Answer 41

a congenital developmental condition marked by the presence of more than the normal number (poly-) of toes or fingers (dactyl/o)

Question 42

kyphosis

Answer 42

an abnormal hump in the thoracic spine

Question 43

sprain

Answer 43

a stretching or tearing of ligaments

Question 44

crepitus

Answer 44

a grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone

Question 45

bunion

Answer 45

a bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of your big toe

Question 46

median nerve

Answer 46

the main nerve of the front of the forearm

Question 47

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 47

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which antibodies destroy the communication between nerves and muscle, resulting in weakness of the skeletal muscles.

Question 48

trigger points

Answer 48

sore spots in soft tissue that cause deep aching or hurt when compressed

Question 49

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 49

a type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue

Question 50

fixation

Answer 50

Fixation: During a surgical procedure to set a fracture, the bone fragments are first repositioned (reduced) into their normal alignment. They are held together with special implants, such as plates, screws, nails and wires.

Question 51

comminuted fracture

Answer 51

a break or splinter of the bone into more than two fragments | the term comminute means to reduce to minute particles