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Theoretical Optics > general T.O topics > Flashcards

general T.O topics Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Latin word for optics

A

OPTIKES

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2
Q

a branch of science concerned with the study of light and vision

A

optics

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3
Q
  • branch of optics that deals with the study of light in terms or ray.
  • formation of images by light raysand includes the study of influence of plane and spherical mirrors, plane and spherical refractors, thin and thick lenses.
    • prisms and optical system upon light
A

Geometrical optics

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4
Q

branch of optics that deals with the study of light in a form of waves

A

Physical optics

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5
Q

branch of optics that deals with the interaction of light with atomic entities of matter

A

Quantum optics

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6
Q

light is a form of?

A

radiant energy

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7
Q

speed of light in miles

A

186,000 miles/sec

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8
Q

speed of light in km

A

300,000 km/sec

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9
Q

objects or bodies that are capable of emitting their own light either naturally or artificially

A

Sources of light

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10
Q

a source of light that is either infinitely small

A

Point source

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11
Q

a light source that has measurable area consists of infinite number of point sources

A

Extended source

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12
Q

4 theories of light

A
  1. Emission/corpuscula theory
  2. Wave or Undulatory theory
  3. Electro magnetic theory
  4. Quantum theory
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13
Q
  • theory in which rays of light as streams of very small particles emitted from a source of light and travelling in straight lines
  • light is composed of minute particles of matter called corpuscle whose impact in the retina will give rise to the sensation of light
A

Emission/corpuscula theory

by Isaac Newton

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14
Q

theory that says light is a wave motion, spreading out from a light source in all directions and propagating through an all-pervasive elastic medium called ether invisible and weightless substance

A

Wave or Undulatory theory

by Christian Huygens

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15
Q

distance traveled forward by light as it goes through one complete vibration

A

Wavelength

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16
Q
  • number of vibration in a given wavelength in one second.
A

Frequency

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17
Q

term wherein the speed at which light travels

A

Velocity

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18
Q
  • theory that says for the speed of light, suggesting its electromagnetic character.
  • light viewed as a particular region of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiation
A

Electro magnetic theory

by James Maxwell

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19
Q

able to derive the correct black body radiation spectrum only by making assumptions that atoms emit light in discrete energy pockets rather than in continuous manner

A

Max Planck Quantum theory

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20
Q

extended the quantum theory to light, and considered that radiant energy consists of discrete units of energy, called quanta, or photons, the energy of which remains concentrated as they travel through space

A

Einstein Quantum theory

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21
Q

an elemental unit of energy

A

quantum

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22
Q

a unit of intensity of light on the retina, equal to the illumination received per square millimeter of pupillary area from a brightness of one candle per square meter

A

Photon

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23
Q

path of single corpuscle of light from a single point on a light source

A

RAY

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24
Q

collection of divergent, convergent or parallel rays

A

Pencil of Light

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25
rays emitted by a source at an infinite position
Parallel Pencil
26
rays leaving a point on a source that travel away from each other and do not cross at any point
Divergent pencil
27
rays that are aimed toward a single point on an image or object
Convergent pencil
28
is a collection of divergent, convergent or parallel pencils arising from an EXTENDED SOURCE
Beam of light
29
The divergence or convergence of a pencil and the curvature of the wave front at a given aperture decrease as the distance from the aperture of the luminous point or of the focus is increased
VERGENCE OF LIGHT
30
what is the unit of vergence
diopter
31
the bouncing back of light
Reflection
32
bending of light, light is transmitted undergoing changes in direction and velocity
Refraction
33
transformation of light into some other form of energy
Absorption
34
decomposition of light into its constituent elements by refraction through a medium whose surfaces are not parallel (prism)
Dispersion
35
* slight bending of light around corners * decomposition of light into its constituent elements through a HARD, SHARP OBJECTS
Diffraction
36
the process of restricting the vibration directions of the electromagnetic wave to only one direction
Polarization
37
Phenomenas of light
1. **reflection** 2. **refraction** 3. **absorption** 4. **dispersion** 5. **diffraction** 6. **polarization**
38
most common method of polarization
Polaroid Filter
39
made of special material which is capable of blocking one of the two planes of vibration of an electromagnetic wave
Polaroid Filters
40
a medium or body is said to be transparent when light passes through it freely, with minimum absorption and reflection, such as clear glass
Transparent medium
41
a medium or boy is said to be translucent when it transmit only a portion of the light, such as frosted glass. Much of the light incident on it is reflected, scattered or absorbed that the object cannot be seen clearly through it
Translucent medium
42
a medium is said to be opaque when all the rays of light incident on it are either absorbed or reflected that none traverse it
Opaque medium
43
shorter wavelength than violet are known as?
Ultraviolet radiation or Actinic part
44
longer wavelengths than red are known as?
infra-red or thermal radiation
45
states that for radiation to have effect on a substance through which it travels, it must be absorbed by the substance
Draper's Law
46
a heating effect, brought about by the absorption of radiant energy by the molecule, raising the molecule from the resting state to an excited state
Thermal effect
47
when radiant energy is absorbed, the molecule that absorbs it may decompose or chemically react to produce a unique chemical product
Photochemical Effect
48
phenomenon in which radiant energy of one wavelength is absorbed and radiant energy of the different wavelength(usually longer)
Photoluminescence or Fluorescence
49
Exposure to rays in this region for 30 minutes to 24 hrs can cause photochemical damage to the CORNEAL EPITHELIUM.
Short ultraviolet 14nm to 310 nm
50
damage to cornea caused by exposure to short ultraviolet
Photo-ophthalmiaor / Photokeratitis / Photoconjunctivitis
51
sources of short ultraviolet radiation
* sunlight at high altitudes * reflections from snow, sand and water * mercury vapor lamps * Electric wielding * ultraviolet lamps
52
a portion of this region is absorbed by, and produce temporary fluorescence in the crystalline lens, without however, causing permanent damage
Long ultraviolet 310 nm to 780 nm
53
radiation in this region is absorbed in the rods and cones and results in the perception of light.
Visible light 390nm to 780 nm
54
wavelength of red
650 nm to 780 nm
55
wavelength of orange
592 nm to 650 nm
56
wavelength of yellow
560 nm to 592 nm
57
wavelength of green
500 nm to 560 nm
58
wavelength of blue
446 nm to 500 nm
59
wavelength of violet
390 nm to 446 nm
60
wavelength of short ultraviolet
14 nm to 310 nm
61
wavelength of long ultraviolet
310 nm to 780 nm
62
wavelength of short infrared
780 nm to 1,500 nm
63
wavelength of Long infrared
1,500 nm and Up
64
lesion of short infrared on the cornea
coagulation, leading to opacification
65
lesion of short infrared on the iris
* congestion * depigmentation * Atrophy (due to the absorption of infra-red by the iris pigment)
66
lesion of short infrared on the lens
* exfoliation of the lens capsule * coagulation of protein * production of Cataract
67
lesion of short infrared on the retina
Necrotic Burn
68
these radiation are absorbed by the cornea and if the eye is exposed to their direct action for LONG periods of time, mild cases of conjunctivitis will result
Long infrared
69
a special source of light of only one pure color (or wavelength).
Laser
70
laser that can be used to send and pick up information
Low-power laser systems

Theoretical Optics (5 decks)

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