General - Types of shock

Question 1

Generally speaking, shock is caused by what?

Answer 1

Inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 2

Septic shock (1)
Sepsis is defined as an infection that triggers a particular Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). This is characterised by body temperature outside of what, HR > how many beats/min, respiratory rate > what/min, WBC count >what/mm3 or < what/mm3

Answer 2

• 36-38 degrees celcius
• > 90
• > 20
• <4,000 or >12,000

Question 3

Septic shock (2)
1) Patients with infections and how many elements of SIRS meet the diagnostic criteria for sepsis
2) When does sepsis become severe sepsis?
3) Those with sepsis and refractory hypotension are classified as having what?

Answer 3

1) 2 or more
2) Organ failure
3) Septic shock

Question 4

Septic shock (3)
In surgical patients, name a common cause of septic shock

Answer 4

Anastomotic leaks, abscesses, extensive superficial infections

Question 5

Haemorrhagic shock
1) A BP of what is required for a femoral pulse to be felt
2) What is the first aspect of management?
3) What is the second aspect of management?

Answer 5

1) 65 mmHg
2) Restore volume with fluids
3) Blood transfusion

Question 6

Neurogenic shock
1) Most commonly occurs after what?
2) How does this cause shock?
3) How is it managed?

Answer 6

1) Spinal cord transection
2) Decreased sympathetic/increased parasympathetic outflow resulting in decreased vascular resistance which decreases CO (through decreased preload)
3) Peripheral vasoconstrictors

Question 7

Cardiogenic shock
Name a cause

Answer 7

• Ischaemic heart disease
• Direct trauma