General vocabulary

Question 0

Anadiplosis

Answer 0

Repetition of last word or phrase of one sentence, phrase, clause at or near the beginning of the next
Ex) when I give I give myself
* builds up to the climax or main point, carries the reader through the text, provides emphasis through repetition

Question 1

Antimetabole

Answer 1

Repetition of words in successive clauses, but in transposed grammatical order
Ex) one for all and all for one
*contrasts, forces reader to think of the meaning

Question 2

Epanalepsis

Answer 2

Phrase in the beginning of sentence is repeated at the end
Ex) rejoice in The Lord always, and again I say, rejoice
* emphasizes the phrase

Question 3

Epistrophe

Answer 3

Ending a sentence with the same word or series of words
Ex) I want the best, and we need the best, and we deserve the best
* draws attention to the series of words and their meaning

Question 4

Anaphora

Answer 4

The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses
Ex) we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight…
* bring attention and emphasize

Question 5

Polysyndeton

Answer 5

Repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect
Ex) create a feeling of endlessness or overwhelmed feeling
* do the dishes and clean your room and…

Question 6

Amplification

Answer 6

Author embellishes sentence in order to add worth or understanding
Ex) instead of the paper was hard= the paper required extensive research,data, surveys, and interviews
* drama, clarification

Question 7

Distinctio

Answer 7

Having a situation and then defining it , writer elaborates on def. of word to make sure there is understanding
Ex) by impossible I mean…
* clarification

Question 8

Exemplum

Answer 8

Moral anecdote, brief or extended, real or fictitious (moral story/ example)
Ex) zen of clams
* illustrates a point

Question 9

Chiasmus

Answer 9

A reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases
Ex) one should eat to live, not live to eat
* provokes a thought! makes a large point, provides emphasis

Question 10

Assonance

Answer 10

Repetition of similar vowel sounds
Ex) an old,mad,despised,blind, and dying king
* produces harmony or can be for humor

Question 11

Alliteration

Answer 11

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words
Ex) forth from the fatal lions of these two foes…
* provides emphasis

Question 12

Metaphor

Answer 12

Comparison without using like or as
Ex)he is a fish
* creates emphasis and helps visualize a comparison by painting a picture

Question 13

Metonymy

Answer 13

Use of an aspect of something referring to a whole
Ex) Hollywood refers to the entertainment industry and Washington refers to our government
* further expresses the value of an entity by having a closely related entity stand in its place, representing it as an abstraction for more profound effect

Question 14

Synecdoche

Answer 14

A term for a part of something refers to the whole of something - or- a whole of something that refers to a part
Ex)hired hands refers to workmen
* adds to visual imagery, emphasizes importance

Question 15

Antagoge

Answer 15

Putting a positive spin on something negative or difficult
Ex) when life gives you lemons, make lemonade
* reduces impact/significance of negative point

Question 16

Analogy

Answer 16

Comparison of two things for the purpose of explanation/clarification
Ex) the body is a unit,though it is made of many parts
* explains thought process/line of reasoning

Question 17

Juxtaposition

Answer 17

Two things being placed together with contrasting effect
Ex) the young and the whole
A caveman using a microwave
* shows difference between the two objects

Question 18

Simile

Answer 18

Comparison using like or as
Ex) as white as snow
* imagery and understanding

Question 19

Inverted sentence

Answer 19

A sentence where the verb comes before the subject
Ex) sitting in the classroom are the students.
* slows the reader down because it is hard to comprehend, makes sentence stand out, important details

Question 20

Periodic sentence

Answer 20

Details and subordinate clauses are found at the beginning followed by the main idea
Ex) Although she was interested in music, she decided to study English
* evidence then conclusion! inductive reasoning

Question 21

Loose sentence (aka cumulative)

Answer 21

A sentence where the main idea is at the beginning followed by a subordinate clause
Ex) she decided to study English though she was interested in music
* clearly states main point the elaborates (deductive reasoning)

Question 22

Asyndeton

Answer 22

A figure of speech in which one or several conjunctions (like’and’) are cut out from a series of related clauses
Ex) I came,I saw, I conquered
* produces hurried rhythm

Question 23

Ellipsis

Answer 23

A series of dots that usually indicTe an intentional omission of a word, sentence, or whole section of a text
* indicates unfinished thought
   Ends sentence 
    Inspires longing 
     Be concise in quoting

Question 24

Zeugma

Answer 24

Construction of a sentence in which one word modifies or governs two or more words, often in an incongruent or different way, in a single sentence Ex) the farmers grew potatoes, peanuts, and bored * voice and comedy

Question 25

Personification

Answer 25

Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects Ex) the fore ran wild * creates vivid imagery and produces tone/mood

Question 26

Apostrophy

Answer 26

Some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of understanding Ex) then come, sweet death, and rid me of this grief * gives background or character's thoughts

Question 27

Metaphor

Answer 27

Comparison without using like or as Ex)he is a fish * creates emphasis and helps visualize a comparison by painting a picture

Question 28

Metonymy

Answer 28

Use of an aspect of something referring to a whole Ex) Hollywood refers to the entertainment industry and Washington refers to our government * further expresses the value of an entity by having a closely related entity stand in its place, representing it as an abstraction for more profound effect

Question 29

Synecdoche

Answer 29

A term for a part of something refers to the whole of something - or- a whole of something that refers to a part Ex)hired hands refers to workmen * adds to visual imagery, emphasizes importance

Question 30

Antagoge

Answer 30

Putting a positive spin on something negative or difficult Ex) when life gives you lemons, make lemonade * reduces impact/significance of negative point

Question 31

Analogy

Answer 31

Comparison of two things for the purpose of explanation/clarification Ex) the body is a unit,though it is made of many parts * explains thought process/line of reasoning

Question 32

Juxtaposition

Answer 32

Two things being placed together with contrasting effect Ex) the young and the whole A caveman using a microwave * shows difference between the two objects

Question 33

Simile

Answer 33

Comparison using like or as Ex) as white as snow * imagery and understanding

Question 34

Inverted sentence

Answer 34

A sentence where the verb comes before the subject Ex) sitting in the classroom are the students. * slows the reader down because it is hard to comprehend, makes sentence stand out, important details

Question 35

Periodic sentence

Answer 35

Details and subordinate clauses are found at the beginning followed by the main idea Ex) Although she was interested in music, she decided to study English * evidence then conclusion! inductive reasoning

Question 36

Loose sentence (aka cumulative)

Answer 36

A sentence where the main idea is at the beginning followed by a subordinate clause Ex) she decided to study English though she was interested in music * clearly states main point the elaborates (deductive reasoning)

Question 37

Asyndeton

Answer 37

A figure of speech in which one or several conjunctions (like'and') are cut out from a series of related clauses Ex) I came,I saw, I conquered * produces hurried rhythm

Question 38

Ellipsis

Answer 38

``` A series of dots that usually indicTe an intentional omission of a word, sentence, or whole section of a text * indicates unfinished thought Ends sentence Inspires longing Be concise in quoting ```

Question 39

Zeugma

Answer 39

Construction of a sentence in which one word modifies or governs two or more words, often in an incongruent or different way, in a single sentence Ex) the farmers grew potatoes, peanuts, and bored * voice and comedy

Question 40

Personification

Answer 40

Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects Ex) the fore ran wild * creates vivid imagery and produces tone/mood

Question 41

Apostrophy

Answer 41

Some absent or nonexistent person or thing is addressed as if present and capable of understanding Ex) then come, sweet death, and rid me of this grief * gives background or character's thoughts

Question 42

Rhetorical questions

Answer 42

A question used in text that is either asked for a purpose other than obtaining info, or inquiries the audiences opinion of something * adds emphasis, slow a reader down to consider their own values & thoughts, begin the discourse of observation of a subject

Question 43

Litotes

Answer 43

An ironical understatement in which the affirmative is expressed by the negative of its contrary Ex) not over clean ground= very dirty ground * provides emphasis and can retain the effect of the understatement or intensify the expression

Question 44

Hyperbole

Answer 44

An exaggeration for emphasis that should not be taken seriously Ex) I have a million homework assignments * to stress something important, catches the readers attention & solidify a tone

Question 45

Oxymoron

Answer 45

When two contradictory terms/ideas are used to create a new concept Ex) alone together * create new meaning, dramatic effect, humor, insult

Question 46

Paradox

Answer 46

A statement that seems to contradict itself, a contradiction of two true statements that can't occur at the same time, defy logic Ex) I must be cruel to be kind * main idea! make serious statement, provide insight

Question 47

Understatement

Answer 47

Intentionally making something seem less important/ serious than it is Ex) canibalism is frowned upon in most societies * sarcasm, modesty, comic relief, downplaying facts

Question 48

Parallelism

Answer 48

A balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure Ex) she likes cooking, jogging, and reading * organizational tool

Question 49

Antithesis

Answer 49

Used when twos opposites are introduces in the same thesis Ex) in peace you are for war and in war you long for peace * emphasizes a point

Question 50

Ethos

Answer 50

Writers/speakers trustworthiness/credibility Ex) mlk letter to pastors while in jail * demonstrates reliability, respect for audiences ideas

Question 51

Pathos

Answer 51

Basing a claim of audiences emotions (wc and examples help) Ex) overachievers * evokes emotional response from audience

Question 52

Logos

Answer 52

Appeal to logic and intellect (credible sources, data, quotes) Ex) more people have a mobile phone than a toilet * evokes a cognitive, rational response from audience

Question 53

Aphorism

Answer 53

A short phrase that expresses a true or wise idea Ex) less is more * more easily remembered, wrap up ideas Ina concise statemen

Question 54

Allusion

Answer 54

An expression to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly, an indirect or passing reference Ex) I violated the Noah rule: predicting rain doesn't count; building arks does * taps into the readers prior knowledge and emotions, allows writer to avoid explaining everything

Question 55

Euphemism

Answer 55

A milder or indirect word/expression replacing a more harsh/blunt one when referring to something unpleasant/embarrassing Ex) marginalized instead of kill * allow author to keep desired tone! doesn't sound harsh, reader receives action differently

Question 56

Hypophora

Answer 56

Speaker poses a question and then answers it Ex) why is it better to love than be loved? It is surer * allows speaker to answer audiences question/ invites a sense of conversation

Question 57

Imperative sentences

Answer 57

Sentences that request, command, or express a wish/desire Ex) the the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth * expresses exactly what a speaker wants reader to do

Question 58

Hortative sentences

Answer 58

Sentences that urge, encourage, or call to action Ex) carry on, you're doing well * encourages reader to take action

Question 59

Aporia

Answer 59

An expression of doubt when speaker is unsure what to do or say Ex) to be or not to be * can be used to look at both sides of an argument