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Year 2 term 1 > Genes 1 > Flashcards

Genes 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What bases are in DNA

A

A,T,C,G

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2
Q

What bases are in RNA

A

A,U,C,G,

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3
Q

What are Adenine and Guanine

A

Purines - 2 rings

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4
Q

What are Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine

A

Pyramidines - 1 rings

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5
Q

What happens with purines and pyramidines

A

They pair up

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6
Q

How many strands does DNA have

A

2

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7
Q

How many hydrogen bonds does C&G have

A

3

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8
Q

How many hydrogen bonds does A&T have

A

2

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9
Q

What is a gene

A

A specific section of DNA

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10
Q

What happens when you want to turn a gene into a protein

A

Transcription

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11
Q

What carries out transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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12
Q

What happens in transcription

A

RNA polymerase make a copy of the DNA sequence excepts replace Thymine with uracil
(The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code.)

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13
Q

What happens in translation

A

The synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

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14
Q

What is DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

Done by RNA polymerase

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15
Q

What is RNA to protein

A

Translation

Done by ribosome

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16
Q

What is the genome

A

Whole DNA sequence, stored in chromosomes which is full of DNA, wound around histone proteins

17
Q

What is mongenic inheritance

A

Inheritance of a train through one gene

18
Q

What is Mendelian inheritance

A

Simple inheritance where one gene is involved and two alleles

19
Q

What are autosomal traits

A

Carried on any chromosome except X and Y (sex chromosomes)

20
Q

What are polygenic characteristics

A

Influences by several genes

They makes the pattern of inheritance much more complex

21
Q

What is a germ- line mutation

A

Passed on through gametes to the next generation

Every cell in that new organism will carry the mutation

22
Q

What is a somatic mutation

A

Happens to a particular cell and cannot be passed on - e.g. a skin cell due to solar radiation

23
Q

What is a substitution mutation

A

A type of mutation where one base pair is replaced by a different base pair

24
Q

What are deletion or insertion mutations

A

When amino acids are inserted or deleted from the protein sequence
Can cause a frame shift

25
Q

What are large mutations

A

Large sections of a gene or chromosome can be amplified or deleted
Can chop genes in half and inactive them or it can change gene expression by putting them in different places

Year 2 term 1 (9 decks)

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