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CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry > Genes and disease > Flashcards

Genes and disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main reasons that genes can become damaged?

A

Inheritance
Ageing
Environmental damage

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2
Q

How does inheritance affect gene damage?

A

Any genes that are damaged can be inherited from the parental genes

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3
Q

How does ageing affect gene damage?

A

The normal process of DNA replication during cell division can introduce errors

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4
Q

What are the two ways environmental damage can harm genes?

A

Through radiation and through Chemicals

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5
Q

How does radiation affect genes?

A

UV and ionising radiation damage DNA

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6
Q

How do chemicals affect genes?

A

Some chemicals can react covalently with DNA causing damage

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7
Q

What are the 5 things that can happen when genes go wrong?

A 
Gene deletions 
Extra genes 
Chromosome breakage and translocation 
Change of DNA sequence 
Modifications to control regions of genes
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8
Q

What is the result of a gene deletions?

A

Result in severe mental and physical disabilities

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9
Q

What is the result of extra genes?

A

Mental and physical differences

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10
Q

What is the result of a chromosome breakage and translocation?

A

Results in mutant genes

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11
Q

What is the result of modifications to control regions of genes?

A

Altered gene expression

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12
Q

What are the 4 results that can happen when you change one base within a gene?

A

Silent
Missense
Nonsense
Frameshift

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13
Q

What does it mean if the result is silent?

A

The code is degenerate

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14
Q

What does it mean if the result is missense?

A

Codes for another amino acid

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15
Q

What does it mean if the result is nonsense?

A

It codes for stop

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16
Q

What does it mean if the result is a frameshift?

A

Deletion of one base changes the meaning of the DNA downstream

17
Q

How are abnormal proteins formed?

A

By changes (mutations) to the DNA code

18
Q

What can abnormal proteins be a target for?

A

New drugs and so lead to new cures

19
Q

How do abnormal proteins function?

A

In abnormal ways

CHY1102 - Biological and medicinal chemistry (13 decks)

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