genes and evolution Flashcards

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1
Q

how are gametes made

A

chromosomes copy
similar pair up and genes get swapped between them
cell divides to form 2 diploid cells
cells divide again to form 4 genetically different haploid cells

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2
Q

how does asexual reproduction happen

A

mitosis which means offsprings have identical cells

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3
Q

what is a genome

A

entire genetic code of an organisms

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4
Q

what is a gene

A

portion of dna that codes for a protein

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5
Q

what is polydactyl (extra finger )

A

caused by a dominant gene

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6
Q

what is cystic fibrosis

A

recessive gene

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7
Q

what happens during evolution

A

Variation occurs as a random mutation in offsprings
they are better adapted to environment and are able to reproduce more.offsprinfs that inherit the gene will survive due to natural selection.repeated over many generations.eventually all types of animal without that gene die out.

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8
Q

what is a species

A

organisms that can breed and have fertile offsprings

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9
Q

what is selective breeding

A

breeding organisms that have desirable characteristics to produce and desirable offsprings

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10
Q

how does genetic modification work

A

desired gene cut from another organisms using enzymes
imserted into a vector
vector insers genes into cells of another organism in early development

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11
Q

name 2 ways fossils are formed

A

footprints
bones that have been replaced with minerals

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12
Q

what is the classification system

A

domain
kingdom - king
phylem - phillip
class - came
order - over
family - for
genome - good
species - soup

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13
Q

what are the 3 domains

A

Archea(primative bacteria,extreamophiles)
bacteria(true bacteria)
Eukaryota (contains nucleus)

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14
Q

what is dna

A

double helix polymer - stores genetic code

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15
Q

what is genotype

A

organisms specific genetic code

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16
Q

what is phenotype

A

how genetic code is expressed in physical characteristics

17
Q

what are allels

A

different versions of the same gene

18
Q

What are casts(animal borrows or plant roots)

A

Organisms buried in soft material(clay)
As clay hardens the organism decays
We are left with a gap with the same size and shape as the organism

19
Q

What are impressions

A

Footprints that stay on the ground

20
Q

What is preservation

A

Organisms get stuck in amber or tar pits
No oxygen so no moisture
No decay can take place
Remains intact

Happens in glaciers where it is too cold for microorganisms
Or peat bogs where it is too acidic

21
Q

Why is there a gap in the fossil record

A

Early life forms were soft bodied so would’ve decayed quickly
Fossils destroyed

22
Q

Why is mud important in the fossil process

A

Mud stops oxygen from reaching the fungus

23
Q

W my can animals with shorter life spans easier to study for evolution

A

Produce more offspring’s
Evolution occurs quicker