Genes, Chromatin and chromosomes (7.1-7.4)

Question 1

alternative splicing site

Answer 1

transcript can be made into mRNA with the same 5´and 3´bur different order of internal exons

Question 2

chromatin

Answer 2

the histone compelx with DNA wrapped around it + some other proteins

Question 3

DNA transposon/ transposons

Answer 3

elements that transpose the DNA directly (wihtout a RNA intermediate)

Question 4

enhancer

Answer 4

gene regulatory element. increase the level of trancription

Question 5

euchromatin

Answer 5

loosely packed packed shromation, where the DNA-linker is extended, and most genes are expressed

Question 6

exon shuffling

Question 7

gene family

Question 8

genetic complementation

Answer 8

kind of test to see, if two mutations are in different or the same gene

Question 9

heterochromatin

Answer 9

tightly packed chromatin, where few genes are transcribed. the linker DNA is bent and curved, so the nuclesomes are packed more closely together

Question 10

histone (octamer)

Answer 10

is made up of 8 proteins. The proteins are H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, where thaere are towo of each

Question 11

interspersed repeats

Question 12

DNA linker

Answer 12

around 50-150 bp that seperate the nucleosomes. thats why we see the “Beads-on-a-string” structure

Question 13

long interspersed elements (LINEs)

Question 14

long terminal repeats (LTRs)

Question 15

micro-RNA (miRNA)

Question 16

microsatellite

Question 17

nucleosome

Answer 17

145-147 basepairs DNA wrapped around a histone octamer (protein complex)

Question 18

promoters

Answer 18

determines transcription initiation on a DNA template by recognizing a specefic seequence

Question 19

protein family

Question 20

pseudogene

Question 21

retrotransposon

Answer 21

elements that transpose themself with a RNA intermediate. (they make a RNA copy of themself, convert that into dsDNA an insert the dsDNA into the genome

Question 22

reverse trancripstase

Question 23

short interspersed elements (SINEs)

Question 24

simple-sequence (satelite) DNA

Question 25

small Nucler RNA (snRNA)

Question 26

small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)

Question 27

gene

Answer 27

a nucleic acid seequence that is needed for the entire synthesis of a fuctional genen product. (need fuctional RNA, enchancer, promoters, poly(A) site, splice site)

Question 28

transcription unit

Question 29

trancription factor

Question 30

telomere

Question 31

transposeble element

Question 32

transposition

Question 33

histone acetylation (lysin)

Answer 33

more open chromation structure

Question 34

methylation of histone tails

Answer 34

often leading to more condense chromatin

Question 35

writers erasers readers

Answer 35

Writers: catalyze formation of covalent modifications Erasers: remove covalent modifications Readers: recognize modifications