Genes & DNA

Question 1

the number of sets of chromosomes (or copies of the genome) that a cell contains

Answer 1

Ploidy

Question 2

________ store their genome in multiple linear chromosomes.

Answer 2

Eukaryotes

Question 3

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Answer 3

nucleotides

Question 4

2 sets of chromosomes

Answer 4

diploid

Question 5

mutations that affect only the individual in which they occur

Answer 5

Somatic

Question 6

1 set of chromosomes

Answer 6

haploid

Question 7

What are the polymers of nucleic acids?

Answer 7

DNA & RNA

Question 8

Translation is carried out by ____ and the _______, which is made by RNA and proteins.

Answer 8

tRNA’s; ribosome

Question 9

large double stranded DNA molecules with a unique DNA sequence

Answer 9

Chromosome

Question 10

Adenine binds to…

Answer 10

thymine

Question 11

a specific location on a chromosome

Answer 11

Genetic locus

Question 12

A gene ALWAYS encodes…

Answer 12

RNA

Question 13

DNA strands are made by…

Answer 13

joining nucleotides together

Question 14

________ store their genome in a singular circular chromosome.

Answer 14

Prokaryotes

Question 15

the DNA sequence of a gene is read as a template to create a new RNA molecule

Answer 15

Transcription

Question 16

a DNA sequence that encodes an RNA molecule and sometimes a protein sequence

Answer 16

Gene

Question 17

Any mutation that has no effect on the organism is considered…

Answer 17

neutral

Question 18

2 sister chromatids with condensed DNA joined at a centromere

Answer 18

Mitotic chromosomes

Question 19

A gene SOMETIMES encodes…

Answer 19

proteins

Question 20

Guanine binds to…

Answer 20

cytosine

Question 21

a singular chromosome condensed for mitosis

Answer 21

Chromatid

Question 22

If an individual is _______ for a certain allele, it means that the individual received the same allele from each parent.

Answer 22

homozygous

Question 23

Gene expression involves…

Answer 23

ribosomes, translation, protein synthesis

Question 24

New DNA and RNA molecules are synthesized…

Answer 24

5’ to 3’

Question 25

all of the genetic information (DNA base pairs) that an organism has

Answer 25

Genome

Question 26

the substitution of one base pair for another in double-stranded DNA

Answer 26

Point Mutation

Question 27

2 copies of the same chromosome

Answer 27

Sister chromatids

Question 28

Transcription is carried out by a protein complex called...

Answer 28

RNA polymerase

Question 29

a specific version of a gene

Answer 29

Allele

Question 30

Cells always have an equal proportion of _____ and ______.

Answer 30

purines; pyrimidines

Question 31

The ______ _____ is formed by 2 strands of DNA.

Answer 31

double helix

Question 32

mutations that are passed from parent to offspring

Answer 32

Germ-line

Question 33

a method to visualize chromosomes' number and ploidy

Answer 33

Karyotypes

Question 34

the sequence of a gene is read to create a protein with a specific amino acid sequence

Answer 34

translation

Question 35

the flow of genetic information from genes to RNA to proteins

Answer 35

Gene Expression

Question 36

Information is always read....

Answer 36

3' to 5'