Genetic Code/ORF

Question 1

Enzymes

Answer 1

DNA Polymerase
Pfu DNA ploymerase
- Pyrococcus furiosus, it is slower than taq but v good proof reading
- Thermostable, proofreading activity
- High fidelity PCR
RuBisCO

Question 2

Bacteriorhodopsin

Answer 2

Contains a chromophore
Light driven proton transfer to establish a proton gradient across membrane

Question 3

Hydrophobic amino acids

Answer 3

Glycine
Alanine
Methionine
Proline
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Phenylalanine
Tryptophan

Question 4

Polar Amino Acids

Answer 4

Serine
Threonine
Cysteine
Asparagine
Glutamine
Tyrosine

Question 5

Acidic/basic amino acids

Answer 5

Aspartate
Glutamate
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine

Question 6

Primary structure

Answer 6

Amino acid sequence
Always starts with methionine

Question 7

Secondary structure

Answer 7

Beta pleated sheet
Alpha helix

Question 8

Tertiary Structure

Answer 8

Mix of secondary structure
Beta Can

Question 9

Quaternary structure

Answer 9

Super structure of tertiary structure
Tetramer
2 identical subunits called tetramer
Non-identical called heterotetramer

Question 10

Genetic Message

Answer 10

DNA > RNA > Proteins
Nucleotide sequence > tridimensional AA sequence
Transcription
- DNA > RNA
Translation and Folding
- RNA > Proteins

Question 11

Gene

Answer 11

DNA molecule that encodes a polypeptide chain
Use introns for rapid evolution, non-coding so mutations would usually be non-fatal
Exons for long term, highly conserved as any mutation is likely to be harmful
Promoter, 5’ untranslate region, introns/exons, 3’UTR

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

RNA directed synthesis of a polypeptide
mRNA
Ribosomes:
- Proteins and ribosomal RNA
- 2 subunits (big and small) that will join to become functional when they attach to the mRNA
tRNA:
- carries an AA to the ribosome and transfer it to a growing polypeptide chain.

Question 13

Genetic Code

Answer 13

Degenerate
Universal

Question 14

Start codon

Answer 14

AUG

Question 15

Stop Codon

Answer 15

UAA
UGA
UAG

Question 16

Open Reading Frame

Answer 16

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that read as codons
Begins with an initiator codon and end with a stop codon
Single strand of DNA sequence has 3 possible reading frames

Question 17

Prokaryote Protein Synth

Answer 17

DNA
- transcription
m RNA
- Translation
Protein

Question 18

Eukaryotes Protein Synth

Answer 18

DNA
- Transcription
Primary RNA transcript
- 5’ capping, RNA splicing, 3’ polyadenylation
mRNA
- Export
mRNA
- Translation
Protein