genetic diversity and adaptation Flashcards

Question

(directional selection) the steps of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are...

Answer 1

1. random mutation creates allele in bacterial population 2. when exposed to antibiotic, only those with resistance will survive and reproduce 3. resistance allele frequency incr. over generations

Answer 2

'middle trait' or 'average phenotype' has selective advantage variation of traits decreases over generations

Answer 3

1. average birth rate has selective advantage 2. more likely to survive and reproduce to pass on allele to offspring

Answer 4

similar organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Answer 5

behaviours animals exhibit to attract a mate species specific, so essential for successful mating display when sexually mature + fertile ritual forms a pair bond allows female to select strong + healthy male

Answer 6

arranges species into groups based on evolutionary origins and relationships determines how closely related different species are all organisms have evolved from shared common ancestors

Answer 7

smaller groups placed in larger groups with no overlap in between each group is called a taxon order is: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Answer 8

universal- avoids use of different names in other countries, leading to errors in counting no. of individual of each species uses the genus + species

Answer 9

can relate to a range of habitats from small, local, Earth

Answer 10

range of physical, biological and environmental factors that a species can live in

Answer 11

measure of no. of different species in a community

Answer 12

describes the relationship between the no. of species in a community and no. of individuals in each species

Answer 13

monoculture= wheat reduce species diversity (one species present in field) ploughing crop spraying with pesticides, fungicides and insecticides

Answer 14

uncultivated strips of land alongside hedges provide food source and habitat delayed harvesting allows seed dispersal meadow conservation conflicts with grass planting

Answer 15

frequency of observe + measurable characteristics DNA sequence mRNA sequence amino acid sequence (last 3 more accurate)

Answer 16

smalls taken because would be impossible to record data for every individual in the population must be large to be representative of population as a whole must be random to avoid bias

Answer 17

sum of all values/ no. of values

Answer 18

hoe much results differ from mean average says if differences are significant or not

Answer 19

change in base sequence of DNA can occur during DNA replication

Answer 20

single substitution of one base for another change in amino acid sequence change in primary and tertiary structure, so possibly affecting protein structure and function single amino acid change is more likely to have less of an effect on protein structure and therefore function

Answer 21

deletion of a base in DNA structure causes frameshift has larger impact on amino acid sequence

Answer 22

mutation in no. of chromosomes can arise by chromosome non-disjunction in meiosis can result in trisomy (extra copy if chromosomes) or aneuploidy (missing copy/part of chromosome) whole extra set of chromosomes= polyploidy

Answer 23

form of cell division that produces 4 daughter cells that are genetically different involves 2 separate divisions haploid (n) cells formed from diploid (n) cells produce gametes (sex cells)

Answer 24

meiosis 1= prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1 and cytokinesis (homologous chromosomes separate meiosis 2= prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2 and cytokinesis (sister chromatids separate)

Answer 25

occurs in prophase 1 homologous chromosomes pair to form bivalents sections of chromatids break + re-join/ exchange with chromatids on homologous chromosomes result= now combination of allele/recombination of alleles

Answer 26

homologous pairs line up at equator randomly chromosomes separate randomly gametes receive different combination of maternal + paternal chromosomes

Answer 27

increase genetic variation within a species

genetic diversity and adaptation Flashcards

(51 cards)