Genetic Diversity Can Arise As A Result Of Mutation Or During Meiosis

Question 1

What is the name of a cell that contains two of each chromosome

Answer 1

Diploid

Question 2

Chromosomes that make up a pair have the same …. and same… but have different …

Answer 2

Size
Genes
Alleles

Question 3

What are the gametes in males and females

Answer 3

Sperm
Egg

Question 4

What is the name for cells that only contain half number of chromosomes

Answer 4

Haploid

Question 5

Abbreviation for haploid and diploid

Answer 5

Haploid - n
Diploid - 2n

Question 6

How many chromosomes does a human cell contain

Answer 6

46 chromosomes
23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 7

How may daughter cells are produced during meiosis

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Meiosis produces daughter cells that are genetically different/ the same

Answer 8

Different

Question 9

Does meiosis produce haploids or diploids

Answer 9

Haploid

Question 10

How many divisions is meiosis

Answer 10

2

Question 11

When does crossing over and independent segregation occur during meiosis

Answer 11

First round of division
Meiosis 1

Question 12

How to calculate number of possible combination of homologous pairs

Answer 12

2^n
Aka 2^23 because 23 pairs of homologous pairs

Question 13

What is independent segregation

Answer 13

When the homologous chromosomes separate in the 1st round of division in meiosis you can have any combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes

Question 14

What does crossing over and independent segregation result in overall

Answer 14

Genetic variation

Question 15

Differences between mitosis and meiosis x3

Answer 15

Meiosis vs mitosis
Two divisions vs one divisions
Produces haploid vs produces diploid
Genetically different vs genetically identical

Question 16

Top tip for when doing life cycles

Answer 16

2n and n
These will always be there label them

Question 17

When is there additional variation excluding meiosis + formula

Answer 17

Fertilisation because more possible combinations of chromosomes
(2^23)^2

Question 18

What is a gene mutation (generic)

Answer 18

When a gene mutation is when there is a change to the base sequence of chromosomes

Question 19

When do mutations in DNA occur

Answer 19

Spontaneously during DNA replication

Question 20

Why is mutations in DNA bad

Answer 20

The different base sequence results in different amino acid sequence in the polypeptide
This means different bonds E.g. ionic bonds and the polypeptide will fold differently
Can’t carry out its function properly

Question 21

What are the two types of mutation

Answer 21

Substitution
Deletion

Question 22

What does degenerate mean

Answer 22

Amino acids are coded for by more than one DNA base triplet

Question 23

Which one will definitely change the protein produced

Answer 23

Deletion always

Question 24

What are mutagenic agent

Answer 24

Substances that increases the rate of mutation and lead to cancer

Question 25

What are the two types of mutagenic agent

Answer 25

High energy and ionising radiation Carcinogens

Question 26

Names three carcinogens

Answer 26

Tobacco smoke Mustard gas Peroxides

Question 27

What is non-disjunction and when does it happen

Answer 27

When the chromosomes fail to separate Meiosis 1 or 2 (less commonly mitosis)

Question 28

How does fertilisation increase genetic variation

Answer 28

RANDOM fertilisation New alleles combinations produced

Question 29

How can a new allele have no effect on individual

Answer 29

New allele is recessive so does not influence phenotype

Question 30

How can a mutation be advantageous

Answer 30

Results in change in polypeptide that positively changes the properties of the protein May result in increased survival changes

Question 31

What one thing can effect rate of mutation

Answer 31

The environment

Question 32

What does is mean by the genetic code is non-overlapping

Answer 32

Base triplets do not share bases

Question 33

What is a homologous chromosome

Answer 33

Matching pair of chromosomes

Question 34

What is it called when a base is deleted so all the base triplets move

Answer 34

Frame shift