Genetic Engineering Flashcards
(23 cards)
It analyzes DNA found in a different part of the cell, the mitochondrion.
MtDNA
Role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
Cut DNA
Role of ligase in genetic engineering
Glue pieces of DNA together
This was a hypothesis on how the code was read from DNA then used to make proteins.
Central dogma
String of amino acids
Polypeptide
What is protein up of?
Amino acids
It is double helix, deoxyribose sugar, a-t, stay in nucleus
Dna
Single strand, ribose sugar, uracil replaces thymine ( a-u), leaves nucleus to do the work
Rna
Process where DNA message is changed into mRNA
Transcription
Process when mrNA is translated into amino acid chains
Translation
Carries code for proteins from DNA
MRNA or messenger rna
Attaches specific amino acids to the protein chain by matching the mRNA codon with anticodon
tRNA
Manipulation or changing of the dna of an organism
Genetic engineering
This have genes that creates enzymes or breakdown unusual sugar and hydrocarbons
Dissimilation plasmid
Small-double stranded DNA molecules, usually circular that can exist independently of host chromosomes and are present in many bacteria
Plasmid
DNA molecule that has a replication origin and is capable of being replicaed
Replicon
Carry the fertility genes for conjugation, the transfer of genetic information between two cells
Fertility plasmids ( F plasmid)
Contains genes that build resistance to antibiotics or poisons
Resistance plasmid
This contain genes that encode for the antibacterial polypeptides called bacteriocins, a protein that kills other starins of bacteria
Col plasmids
Allow to digest unusual subbstances
Degradative plasmids
Turn bacterium into a pathogen
Virulence plasmid
A plasmid of bacteria or viral DNA that can integrate itself into the chromosomal DNA of the host organism
Episomes
Are mobilized and carry only subset of the genes required for transfer
Intermediate classes of plasmids
