Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is genetic engineering?
The direct manipulation of DNA to alter organism characteristics in a particular way
Plamid
A circular molecule of DNA found in bacteria
Restriction enzyme
A protein that can cut DNA at a specific sequence
Ligase
A protein that connects human DNA and bacterial DNA (also an enzyme)
Recombinant Plasmid
Contains sequences/genes ( DNA) from 2 or more sources
Sticky ends
Where the restriction enzyme cut the DNA. It’ll gravitate to other sticky ends until ligase connects them
Ampr gene
Anti-biotic or ampicillin resistant. Found in plasmid
Why do we heat shock?
To weaken the cell so the recombinant plasmid can enter the bacteria
How many parts does a plasmid have?
3
The ori, ampr, and arac
How many BP in pARA-A?
5,302 (including rfp and pBAD)
How many BP does rfp and pBAD have?
802
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
PCR purpose
To make a copy of a specific part of a molecule of DNA
PCR parts are…
Denaturation, annealing, and extension
Denaturation
The solution is heated in order to separate the strands of the DNA molecule
Annealing
The PCR solution is cooled and joined by the primers. The temperature should allow the primers to bind to specific segments of DNA you want to amplify.
Extension/Elongation
DNA polymerase will begin to work on both strands, and it will use the DNA nucleotides as its building material to amplify the DNA. The step may be warmer than annealing (needs to be a temperature that’s ideal for the specific DNA polymerase used).
Gel electrophoresis
Used to compare samples of DNA. It sorts through DNA fragments based on size (molecule size).
Ex. Identifying an animal
