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Genetic Evaluation Of Bulls Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetic codes

PO

A

Observed polled

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2
Q

Genetic codes

PC

And what does it mean

A

Genetic tested as heterozygous polled

Means 50% of offspring are expected to be observed polled

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3
Q

Genetic codes

Pp

And what does it mean

A

Genomic tested as homozygous polled

Means that 100% of offspring are expected to be observed as polled

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4
Q

Genetic codes

RC

A

Carries the recessive gene for red coat colour

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5
Q

Genetic codes

DR

A

Carries a dominant gene for red coat

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6
Q

Genetic codes

BY

A

Brachyspina

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7
Q

Genetic codes

TY

A

Tested free of brachyspina

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8
Q

Genetics codes

BL

A

BLADS or bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency

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9
Q

Genetic codes

TL

A

Tested free of BLADS

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10
Q

Genetic codes

DP

A

DUMPS or deficiency of the uridine monophosphate synthase

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11
Q

Genetic codes

TD

A

Tested free of dumps

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12
Q

Genetic codes

MF

A

Mulefoot

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13
Q

Genetic codes

TM

A

Tested free of mulefoot

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14
Q

Genetic codes

HH1 HH2 HH3 HH4 HH5
What are they?

A

Holstein haplotypes that negatively affect fertility

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15
Q

Genetic codes

HCD

A

Holstein haplotype for cholesterol deficiency

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16
Q

General proof terms

CDN

What it do?

A

Canadian dairy network

Calculates the genetic evaluations for all major dairy breeds in Canada

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17
Q

General proof terms

NAAB

What does it do?

A

The national association of animal breeders

Maintains a database of marketing code numbers assigned to all bills who enter AI

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18
Q

General proof terms

What are the fist 1-3 numbers on the stud code?

A

A 1-3 digit numberic code indicating where the semen was processed

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19
Q

General proof terms

What are the 2 letters on the stud code?

A

A 2 letter alpha code designed the breed of the bull

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20
Q

General proof terms

What are the last 5 numbers of the stud code?

A

A one to 5 digit number code identifying the bull which produced the semen

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21
Q

General proof terms

MACE

what does it do?

A

Multiple-trait across country evaluation

Mace combines information from each country using all known relationships between animals, both within and across populations

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22
Q

General proof terms

PTA

What does PTA do?

A

Predicted transmitting ability

Predicted difference between a parent animals offspring from average, due to the genes transmitted from that parent

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23
Q

General proof terms

EFI

What is it based off of?

A

Effective future inbreeding

Based on pedigree

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24
Q

General proof terms

GFI

What does it take into account

A

Genomic future inbreeding

Takes into account genomic test results and the level of inbreeding they will contribute to the population of mated at random

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25
General proof terms aAa
Analysis defines a cows structure under 6 categories The analysis aims to strike a balance between enough “roundness” to live and enough “sharpness” to milk high yields
26
General proof terms 6 categories under aAa
1. Dairy 2. Tall 3. Open 4. Strong 5. Smooth 6. Style
27
production trait terms PRel
PTA the percent reliability of a sire’s production proof
28
production trait terms PTAM
PTA for milk production in pounds, reflecting the expected milk production of future mature daughters
29
production trait terms PTAP
PTA for protein production in pounds, comparing the expected production of future mature daugter
30
production trait terms PTAP%
indicates the genetic variance of bull’s PTA for transmitting protein as being positive or negative
31
production trait terms PTAF
PTA for butterfat in pounds, reflecting the expected butterfat production of future mature daughters
32
production trait terms PTAF%
indiates the genetic variance of a bull’s PTA transmitting fat as being positive or negative
33
production trait terms daughter ME averages and what does the number tell you
this number tells you what daughters of a bull are actually averaging for a given trait, in this case, what they average for milk production
34
production trait terms management group ME averages what do the numbers tell you?
this number allows you to contrast how daughters of a bull perform compared to herdmates of the same age, so you can evaluate whether they are, on average, superior or inferior to herdmates
35
beta- casein
beta- casein is a major casein protein making up 30% of the total milk protein
36
kappa- casein | cheese production
there are many forms of Kappa- Casein A, B and E associated with milk protein and quality
37
health and fertility PL what does it do?
productive life gives a measure of the amount of time a cow stays in the herd as a “productive” animal and represents how many months of additional or fewer, if negative number) lifetime you can expect from a bull’s daughter PTAs for PL generally range from -7.0 to +7.0, with higher numbers being preferred
38
health and fertility LIV what does it measure?
cow livability measure of a cow’s ability to remain alive while in the milking herd
39
health and fertility SCS what does it do?
somatic cell score the PTA for SCS is used to improve mastitis resistance
40
health and fertility DPR whhat does it do?
daughter pregnancy rate percentage of non- pregnant cows that become pregnant during each 21 - day period. DPR takes into account how quickly cows come back into heat after calving and conception rate when bred
41
health and fertility DPR’s typical ranges
the typical ranges from +3.0 to -3.0, with higher values being preferable
42
health and fertility HCR
heifer conception rate a virgin heifer’s ability to conceive - defined as the percentage of inseminated heifers that become pregnant at each service
43
health and fertility CCR what does it tell you?
a lactating cow’s ability to conceive - defined as the percentage of inseminated cows that become pregnant at each service
44
health and fertility SCR what does it find the difference of?
service sire conception rate --> sire fertility the difference of conception rate of sire expressed as a percent comparison SCR is based on conception rate rather than not -return rate
45
health and fertility BCS where is it sourced by
body condition score sourced from the Canadian Dairy Network
46
health and fertility MR what does it combine?
mastitis resistance sourced from the CDN combines both clinical and sub-clinical mastitis into a single genetic selection index
47
health and fertility milking speed what is it?
milking speed is evaluated in terms of the percentage of first lactation daughters evaluated as average or fast
48
Calving trait terms SCE how is it ranked and what’s considered difficult calving?
Sire calving ease Is the percentage of bull calves born that are considered difficult in first lactation animals Ranked on scale of 1-5 3,4,5 considered hard births
49
Calving trait terms DCE what is it?
Daughter calving ease Tendency of calves from a particular animal to be born more or less easily Bulls with higher numbers, daughters will have a harder time giving birth than daughters of bulls with lower DCE You want low number
50
Calving trait terms SSB What it is?
Sire stillbirth The percentage of bulls offspring that are born dead to first lactation animals
51
Calving trait terms DSB What is it? How is it expressed
Daughter still birth Measures the ability of a particular cow (daughter) to produce live claves Expressed as a percent
52
Type / conformation trait terms How many descriptive traits are in Canada and using what scale
28 descriptive traits 9-point linear scale
53
Type / conformation trait terms What is the rule of thumb you should remember when looking at CDN and US scales
For CDN divide by 5 and will get US scale
54
Type / conformation trait terms PTAT What it do?
Predicted transmitting for type PTA type - this is directly correlates with the final score of the bulls daughter, but the linear traits
55
Type / conformation trait terms UDC What it based on and includes?
Under composite index Based on ability for odder index I’d see composite includes six linear traits, and the weight for each traits contribution to higher udder scores
56
Type / conformation trait terms Udder composite index The traits and their weighting’s There is 9
``` 19% rear udder height 17% udder depth -17% stature 6% rear udder width 13% fire udder attachment 7% udder cleft 4% rear teat placement 4% teat length optimum 3% front teat placement ```
57
Type / conformation trait terms FLC What is it?
Foot and leg composite Measure of a bulls ability for foot and leg improvement
58
Type / conformation trait terms What are the 4 traits in FLC? And the percentages
58% foot and leg classification 18% rear legs rear view -17% stature 8% foot angle
59
Wellness traits WT$ What it is and the 6 wellness traits
WT$ focuses exclusively on 6 wellness traits Mastitis, lameness, metritis, retained placenta, displaced abomasum, and ketosis And includes an economic value for polled test results
60
Wellness traits DWP$ What it is and the 5 traits
DWP$ is a multi- trait selection index which includes production, fertility, type, longevity, and the wellness traits Including polled test results
61
Selection indexes TPI What is it?
Total performance index The primary selection index recommended by the Holstein association But not necessarily aimed at breeding individual cows, but rather to advance the entire genetic pool
62
Selection indexes What are the 3 traits under TPI? And their percentages
Production traits 46% Type traits 26% Health traits 28%
63
What are the 3 traits under production traits? | And their percentages?
21% pounds of protein 17% pounds of fat 8% feed efficiency
64
What are the 4 traits under type traits? | And their percentages?
11% udder composite 8% PTA type 6% foot and leg composite -1% dairy form
65
What are the 6 traits under health traits? | And the percentages?
``` 13% fertility -5% somatic cell score 4% productive life 3% cow livability 2% daughter calving ease 1% daughter stillbirth ```
66
Selection indexes LPI what adds up to create LPI
Production + durability + health and fertility
67
Selection indexes Breakdown of the 3 categories under LPI
Production 40% Durability 40% Health and fertility 20%
68
Selection indexes Production 40% What is it?
``` Evaluates for milk, fat and protein yield Fat and protein percentages Somatic cell score And Lactation persistency ```
69
Selection indexes Durability 40% What is it? What are the ranges?
Functional type of the dairy cows Index bell curve based of 0 = average Ranges from -15 to +15
70
Selection indexes Health and fertility What is it? The indexes are based off of what?
Mastitis resistance 33% Daughter fertility 67% Udder depth Milk speed All indexes are also based off of 100= average Except SCC which is 3.00
71
Western genetic solutions Immunity+ What is it?
Use immunity+ sires to produce cows that have less disease and provide additional benefits which can improve overall herd health and increased longevity
72
Western genetic solutions What it repromax
Repromax sired get more cows pregnant with a 2.5% higher conception rate
73
Western genetic solutions What is robot ready?
Robot ready sires give you daughters that are better suited for robotic milking
74
Western genetic solutions What is healthsmart
Health smart sires provide you with fertile, healthy and more feed efficient cows
75
Western genetic solutions What is sexxed
Sexxed sires make a lot more sense for business goals using sexed ultra
76
Western genetic solutions What are A2A2 sires?
A2A2 sires increase the prevalence of A2 milk on your dairy
77
ABS global Transition right sires what are they? When was it introduced?
Sires with a 5-star many save you $100 for Holsteins in preventive or reactive cost per cow per lactation over a breed- average 3-star sire Introduced in 2015
78
ABS global Real world data What is it?
Index represents real results from real dairy producers Started in 2008 30 million cow records More then 2000 herd located at key dairy markets
79
ABS global ABS beef infocus What it it and what powers it?
ABS beef in focus is powered by NuEra Genetics It delivers proven and reliable beef genetics for the dairy producer to maximize calf crop value while driving beef supply chain efficiency
80
ABS Global Cross breeding why recommend?
ABS recommends a three-breed rotational cross breeding program involving the Holstein, jersey and Norwegian red breeds
81
ABS global 5 things that are improved which cross breeding
``` Improved fertility Improved survival Improved mastitis resistance Improved resistance to other disease Improved percentages of fat and protein ```
82
Sexcel sexed genetics Sexcel what is it?
Sexcel provides a high profitability of success Observations using ABS global real world data index demonstrated that sexcel achieves a 90% relative conception rate to conventional semen

Genetics (2 decks)

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