Genetic Information, Variation, And Relationships Between Organisms (8)

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

A section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptide and functional RNA

Question 2

What is a chromosome?

Answer 2

A long strand of DNA that is wrapped around histone proteins

Question 3

What is a locus?

Answer 3

A specific place in the chromosome where a gene is found

Question 4

How many chromosomes are there in the human body cell ?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a human cell?

Answer 5

23 pairs

Question 6

How many sets of chromosomes are there in a human body cell?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

How many sets of chromosomes are there in an egg cell/sperm cell?

Answer 7

1 set

Question 8

Where does each chromosome in a homologous pair come from?

Answer 8

One set from mother and other set from father

Question 9

Why do males have a different number of homologous Pairs of chromosomes to females?

Answer 9

Males have 22 homologous pairs as XY and females have 23 as XX

Question 10

How can we define the term homologous pair of chromosomes?

Answer 10

2 chromosomes, same position of locus on their chromosome;not the same genes

Question 11

What is an intron?

Answer 11

A section of DNA that doesn’t code for proteins

Question 12

What is an exon?

Answer 12

A section of DNA that does code for proteins

Question 13

Do prokaryotic cells have intron?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Does humans have intron?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Do all organisms have exons?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

DNA found in mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to what type of DNA, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 16

Prokaryotic

Question 17

DNA codes for?

Answer 17

The sequence of amino acids in proteins produced by the cell

Question 18

Why is the genetic code known as a triplet code?

Answer 18

3 bases code for a single amino acid

Question 19

A gene is transferred between different organisms and still code for the same polypeptide - what does this tell is about the genetic code?

Answer 19

It is universal

Question 20

How many triplet codes are there all together?

Answer 20

64

Question 21

How many different amino acids are there in proteins?

Answer 21

20

Question 22

Some triplet codes don’t code for amino acids, what do they code for instead?

Answer 22

Stop triplet

Question 23

Why do most amino acids have more than one triplet code?

Answer 23

More triplet codes - 64 compared to the 20 amino acids

Question 24

Why would different polypeptides have different structure and functions?

Answer 24

Different sequence of amino acids - different primary structures

Question 25

What does degenerate mean?

Answer 25

Most amino acids are coded by more than 1 triplet

Question 26

What is a start triplet?

Answer 26

Codes for Met and start of the polypeptide

Question 27

What is a stop triplet?

Answer 27

Does not code for amino acids, only the end of the polypeptide

Question 28

What does it mean by non-overlapping?

Answer 28

Each base can only be a part of 1 triplet

Question 29

What does the term universal mean?

Answer 29

Each triplet codes for the same amino acids in all organisms