Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cytogenetics > Genetic Material > Flashcards

Genetic Material Flashcards

(51 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

o the hereditary substance in
the cell.
o It carries all information specific to an
organism.

A

Genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

o ___________ contain instructions that cells
need to carry out all the functions of life.
o It is a very large organic molecule made up of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus.

A

Nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nucleic acid is made out of what?

A

Nucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 basic parts of nucleotides?

A

5- carbon sugar, phosphate groups, nitrogenous base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the smallest code from building our traits block of gene?

A

Nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What codes our traits?

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It is made out of many genes

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It is a tightly coiled strands of DNA

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is the entire genetic make-up of an organism.

A

Genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the levels of genetic organization?

A

Nucleotide
Gene
DNA
Chromosomes
Genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It is a genetic material that carries information
about an organism. It is passed from parent to
offspring.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where can you found DNA?

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA is found in all
prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

-True
-False

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DNA was first recognized and identified by _________

A

Johannes Friedrich
Miescher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The double helix structure of a DNA molecule was later discovered through
experimental data by

A

James Watson and
Francis Crick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DNA do not play a crucial role in the production
of proteins.

  • True
  • False
A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DNA contained within the nucleus of every cell in
a eukaryotic organism.

A

Nuclear DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The DNA present in the mitochondria of the cell.

A

Mitochondrial DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from what?

A

Mother to child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DNA structure can be described as _________.

A

Double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?

Study These Flashcards
A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,
and Cytosine

22
Q

Among the three components of DNA structure, which forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?

23
Q

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.

  • True
  • False
24
Q

The two strands of DNA are held together by?

Study These Flashcards
A

hydrogen bond

25
The pitch of each helix is ____ nm.
3.4
26
The distance between two consecutive base pairs is ____ nm.
0.34
27
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?
23
28
It is an important process that occurs during cell division.
DNA replication
29
DNA replication is also known as __________ ___________.
semi- conservative replication
30
The replication of DNA begins at a point known as the origin of replication. The two DNA strands are separated by the DNA helicase. This forms the replication fork
Initiation
31
DNA polymerase III reads the nucleotides on the template strand and makes a new strand by adding complementary nucleotides.
Elongation
32
When adding nucleotides to the lagging strand, gaps are formed between the strands. Gaps are called what?
Okazaki fragments
33
It is where the termination sequence present opposite to the origin of replication terminates the replication process.
Termination
34
It binds to terminator sequence and halts DNA polymerase movement.
TUS protein
35
These are the small segments of DNA, consisting mostly of 250 – 2 million base pairs.
Genes
36
It determines the size, shape, and many other traits of an organism
Proteins
37
Nucleic acid found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells plays an important role in the production of proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
38
RNA is most often double- stranded. - True - False
False
39
What are the four bases of RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
40
It carries DNA'S message to the ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) in the cytoplasm.
mRNA
41
What does mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
42
It transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
tRNA
43
What does tRNA stand for?
transfer RNA
44
What does rRNA stand for?
ribosomal RNA
45
It makes up a major part of ribosomes
rRNA
46
It translate (interpret) the RNA code into a protein.
Ribosome
47
What do you call the process that DNA makes copies of itself?
Replication
48
What do you call the overall concept of replication, transcription, and translation?
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
49
It is a process that is semiconservative in nature.
Replication
50
It is a process by which mRNA is synthesized based on the DNA template
Transcription
51
Part or segment DNA that encodes for a particular protein.
Gene

Cytogenetics (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions