Genetic Material: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes

Question 1

Visible under the microscope as dark-staining, rod-like or rounded bodies

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

What are the two components that make up each chromosome?

Answer 2

Protein and Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells

Answer 4

Chromosomes

Question 5

Chromosomes what Greek words

Answer 5

Chroma (color) and Soma (Body)

Question 6

Pairs of chromosomes in swines

Answer 6

19

Question 7

Pairs of chromosomes in dogs

Answer 7

38

Question 8

Pairs of chromosomes in goats

Answer 8

30

Question 9

Pairs of chromosomes in chickens

Answer 9

39

Question 10

Pair of chromosomes in bovine

Answer 10

30

Question 11

Pairs of chromosomes in ovine

Answer 11

27

Question 12

Pairs of chromosomes in horse

Answer 12

32

Question 13

Pairs of chromosomes in donkey

Answer 13

31

Question 14

Pairs of chromosomes in rabbit

Answer 14

22

Question 15

It refers to the unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins.

Answer 15

Histones

Question 16

How long the DNA would stretch without histones?

Answer 16

6 feet

Question 17

It ensures DNA is accurately copied and distributed in the vast majority of cell divisions.

Answer 17

Chromosomes

Question 18

Why is it important that reproductive cells have the correct number of chromosomes and correct structure?

Answer 18

An organism without the correct number and structure of chromosomes will have improper growth, development and functions of the body.

Question 19

What causes leukemia and other cancer cells?

Answer 19

Changes or error of number and structure of chromosomes

Question 20

It refers to huge molecules that hold information

Answer 20

Nucleic Acid

Question 21

It refers to the nucleic acid that holds all the genetic information for organisms.

Answer 21

DNA

Question 22

What composes DNA?

Answer 22

deoxyribose, phosphoric acid, and four bases

Question 23

Give the four bases of DNA.

Answer 23

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 24

It is known as the fixed position where individual genes are located.

Answer 24

Loci

Question 25

It is formed from tightly coiled strands of DNA.

Answer 25

Chromatids

Question 26

What will happen if you stretch out the strands of the DNA?

Answer 26

You will be able to identify the individual genes.

Question 27

permanent well-defined region of the chromosomes

Answer 27

Centromere

Question 28

Centromere is a constricted region of a linear chromosome but not always found in the center of the chromosome, where else is it located?

Answer 28

At the end of the chromosome.

Question 29

It is the regions on either side of the centromere.

Answer 29

Chromosome's arms

Question 30

help to keep chromosomes properly aligned during the complex process of cell division

Answer 30

Centromere

Question 31

This is the arrangement that provides a picture of a complete set of chromosomes.

Answer 31

Karyotype

Question 32

an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes

Answer 32

Genome

Question 33

shows the differences in size and banding pattern of chromosomes

Answer 33

Karyotype

Question 34

one of a pair of genes that appear at a particular location on a particular chromosome and control the same characteristic, such as blood type or color blindness

Answer 34

Allele

Question 35

Name the two alleles present in each gene.

Answer 35

Dominant and Recessive

Question 36

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 36

Dominant allele controls what will happen or which trait is exhibited

Question 37

What is recessive allele?

Answer 37

Allele that is “overruled” and this trait or function will not be seen because of the dominant allele.

Question 38

It is coiled into a compact structure called chromosomes.

Answer 38

DNA

Question 39

Spell out DNA.

Answer 39

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 40

TRUE or FALSE. Every time the cell divides to produce two daughter cells the complete set of chromosomes is produced.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

complete set of blueprints and operating instructions for assembling and managing one particular kind of organism

Answer 41

DNA

Question 42

Adenine bonds with?

Answer 42

Thymine

Question 43

What bonds with Cytosine?

Answer 43

Guanine

Question 44

It is the bond of the four bases forming a long chain [...]

Answer 44

double helix (ladder)

Question 45

It play a role in cancer.

Answer 45

Telomere

Question 46

repetitive stretches of DNA located at the ends of linear chromosomes which protect the ends of the chromosomes

Answer 46

Telomere

Question 47

What happens to the telomere when cell divides?

Answer 47

It loses a bit of their DNA.

Question 48

Once telomere lose all of its DNA, what happens?

Answer 48

It can no longer replicate, then die.