Genetic Mutations Flashcards
What are the types of chromosomal mutations
Deletion, insertion, duplication, inversion, and translocation
explain duplication
attachment of a chromosome fragment to a homologue that has already completed itself after crossing over
explain deletion
chromosome that lacks genetic information due to failure of a chromosome fragment attaching to its homologous chromosome during crossing over
explain inversion
reverse order of attachment to a chromosome fragment; a piece of the chromosome is inverted
explain translocation
attachment of a chromosome fragment to a non-homologous chromosome during crossing over
explain insertion
addition of parts of one chromosome that are added to another chromosome
what are mutations
changes made to a sequence of DNA in a gene
what causes mutations to occur
spontaneous mutations which occur randomly from errors during the S phase of DNA replication and cell division
induced mutations result from physical/chemical damage to DNA from outside factors
what are chromosomal mutations
an error that involves whole chromosomes or a large part of a chromosome
when does non disjunction occur?
either in anaphase 1 with homologous chromosomes, or anaphase 2 with sister chromatids
when do changes in chromosome structure occur and what does this cause
these changes occur in prophase 1 when they homologous chromosomes cross over. the changes in chromosome structure are a result of improper reformation of DNA or due to non-homologous chromosomes crossing over when they shouldn’t
what is cri-du chat
A deletion in chromosome 5 (too little genes)
what is charcot-marie-tooth disease
duplication of a gene on chromosome 17
what is FG syndrome
inversion of section of X chromosome
what is Klinefelter sydrome
trisomy of sex chromosomes (two X and one Y)
