Genetic Structure

Question 1

Prokaryotic genomes vs eukaryotic genomes base pair numbers

Answer 1

Prokaryotic genomes
- Wide spread but generally smaller
- Each gene has around a few hundread BP

Eukaryotic genomes
- Much larger genome, but not a linear relationship with porkaryotes due to the non-coding DNA

Question 2

Anatomy of a gene

Answer 2

Includes
- Enhancer
- Promoter
- Transcription site
- Gene 1, 2, 3…

Question 3

WHat affects the binding of proteins to DNA

Answer 3

• DNA recognition sequence
• Protein structure: Can bind as a monomer or a dimer
• To some extent DNA packaging

Question 4

What is the basis of central dogma?

Answer 4

• DNA replication – DNA makes copies of itself
• Transcription – DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Translation – mRNA is translated into a protein by ribosomes
  DNA → RNA → Protein
• DNA stores genetic information.
• RNA acts as a messenger or functional molecule (like rRNA or tRNA).
• Proteins carry out cellular functions and structures.