Genetic Termanology Flashcards
gene
fundamental unit of heredity
alleles
alternative forms of a gene
where are genes located
on chromosomes
locus
a specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele
Genotype
sets of alleles possessed by an individual organism
heterozygote
an individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus
homozygote
an individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus
phenotype
the appearance of a character
transfer of genetic information
DNA to RNA to protein
true breeding
always produce the same phenotype when crossed with plants like itself, homozygous
intercross
plants can self fertilize by crossing with siblings
who discovered the basic principles of heredity
Gregor Mendel
Monohybrid cross
- cross true-breeding parents (AA x aa)
- F1 generation will be all Aa
- Gametes are A and a
- F2 generation will have a 3:1 ratio
dihybrid cross
- cross parents AABB and aabb
- F1 generation is all AaBb
- gametes are AB, Ab, aB, ab
- F2 has 9:3:3:1 ratio
independent assortment
the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another
