Genetic Terms

Question 1

Tetrads

Answer 1

2 homologous pairs joined together (4 chromatids, 2 centromeres)

Question 2

Crossing Over

Answer 2

Chromosomes of the same type are lined up in Meiosis

Question 3

Independent Assortment

Answer 3

The alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes
independently of one another.

Question 4

Nondisjunction

Answer 4

The failing of homologous chromosome or sister chromatids to separate
correctly in cell division.

Question 5

Haploid Chromosome Number

Answer 5

The chromosome number of the gametes of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) Half the species diploid number

Question 6

Diploid Chromosome Number

Answer 6

The chromosome number of somatic cells of a given species (every breed of a species has the same) is Twice the species haploid number.

Question 7

Twisted Double Helix

Answer 7

Term used to describe DNA. The top and bottom are twisted in different directions

Question 8

James Watson and Frances Crick

Answer 8

Scientists that discovered the Twisted Double Helix

Question 9

Sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer 9

Forms the structural framework of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

Question 10

Nucleotides that comprise DNA

Answer 10

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 11

Nucleotide base-pairing in DNA

Answer 11

A and T and G and C

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

The letter combination that shows which alleles are present in a
organism

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

The actual appearance of an expressed trait.

Question 14

Dominant

Answer 14

The gene that codes for a trait that is visible or always expressed

Question 15

Recessive

Answer 15

The gene that codes for a trait that’s invisible or expressed only when
2 recessive alleles are present.

Question 16

Allele

Answer 16

Variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a
long DNA molecule

Question 17

Homozygous

Answer 17

A genotype showing 2 identical alleles, AA or aa

Question 18

Heterozygous

Answer 18

A genotype showing 2 different alleles, Aa

Question 19

Punnett Square

Answer 19

A square diagram to predict the genotypes of a particular cross
breeding

Question 20

Pure-bred

Answer 20

Not mixed types in the breeding, the offspring is the same as both parents

Question 21

Hybrid

Answer 21

Off spring of 2 animals or plants of different subspecies, breeds or
varieties

Question 22

Heredity

Answer 22

Traits passed down from parents to there offspring

Question 23

Probability

Answer 23

A calculated chance of something occurring or not occurring.

Question 24

Gametes in plants

Answer 24

Male gametes are in the tiny pollen grains on the anthers of the flower.
Female gametes are found in the ovules of the flower.

Question 25

Gametes in animals

Answer 25

Female gametes are egg cells and male gametes are called sperm

Question 26

Meiosis

Answer 26

Does PMAT twice and only for gametes (Sex cells). Ends with 4 different genetically cells

Question 27

Mitosis

Answer 27

Does PMAT once and only for somatic cells (Body cells). Ends with 2 identical daughter cells.

Question 28

Budding

Answer 28

Asexual reproduction in which new organisms develops from an outgrowth or bud due to cell division happening once (Mitosis)

Question 29

Tubers

Answer 29

Large structure in plants used as storage organs in plants to store nutrients

Question 30

Runners

Answer 30

A side stem that grows horizontally along the ground, giving rise to the roots

Question 31

Plantlets

Answer 31

A very small or young plant.

Question 32

Cuttings

Answer 32

A plant section from the stem, leaf or root and is able of developing a new plant

Question 33

Fragmentation

Answer 33

Organism divided into minor fragments.

Question 34

Regeneration

Answer 34

Regrowing either a damaged or removed body part in certain animals

Question 35

Binary Fission

Answer 35

Separation of Bacteria into 2 new bodies.

Question 36

Internal fertilization

Answer 36

Union of a egg and sperm during sexual reproduction inside the females body

Question 37

External fertilization

Answer 37

Union of a egg and sperm during sexual reproduction outside the females body