genetically modified organism Flashcards
Any living things that has had its genetic material altered in some way through human scientific interference
genetically modified organisms (GMO)
❌ Selective Breeding; ✅Gene therapy
GMO
frequent examples of GMO
agricultural plants
➢ Increased crop yields
➢ Reduced costs for food or drug protection
➢ Reduced need for pesticides
➢ Enhanced nutrient composition and food quality
➢ Resistance to pests and disease
➢ Greater food security
benefits of GMO
political drivers of GMO
Philippines (PRO)
Thailand (Neutral)
Cambodia (CON)
GMO applications
agricutlural plants
production of nonprotein (bioplastic) or nonindustrial (ornamental plants) products
pharmaceutical industry
are one of the most cited examples of genetically modified organisms
Agricultural plants
Examples of GMOs resulting from Agricultural
Biotechnology: (8)
corn
soybeans
cotton
potatoes
canola
plum
golden rice
tobacco
o This crop is used to produce many different ingredients used in processed foods and drinks, including high-fructose corn syrup and corn starch
o Some is also converted into biofuels
corn
o The second largest U.S. crop after corn o GM soy is used primarily in animal feed
and in soybean oil which is widely used for processed foods and in restaurant chains
o In fact, soybean oil accounts for 61% of Americans’ vegetable-oil consumption
o Also often used to make an emulsifier called ‘soy lecithin’, which is present in a lot of processed foods, including dark chocolate bars and candy
soybean
soybeans are used to make an emulsifier called
soy lecithin
o Much of GM cotton is turned up into cottonseed oil, which is used for frying in restaurants and in packaged foods like potato chips, oily spreads like margarine, even things like cans of smoked oysters
o Some parts of the plant are also used in animal feed, and what’s left over can be used to create food fillers such as cellulose
cotton
o Recently approved GM crop is resistant to bruising and may produce less of a cancer-causing chemical, called ‘acrylamide’, when exposed to high heat
o It has not yet seen adoption in the food supply, but is expected to be
potatoes
o GM canola is used to make oil for cooking, as well as margarine
o Also used to produce emulsifiers that are used in packaged foods
o By some estimates, 90% of canola grown in U.S. and Canada is GM (genetically modified)
canola
o The regulatory processes involved with the making of genetically modified plums are that scientists insert a new gene into the plums which makes them resistant to the plum pox virus
o The GM plums are resistant to the plum pox virus by the insertion of a gene called ‘coat protein (CP)’ from the virus plum pox
plum
