Genetics 101

Question 1

Hereditary

Answer 1

Describes how some traits are passed from parents to their children

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Question 4

Alleles

Answer 4

alternative version of a gene found at a specific position (locus) on a chromosome.

Question 4

Law of segregation

Answer 4

Every individual has two alleles for each gene, but only one allele is passed on to each gamete

Question 5

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 5

Genes for different traits are passed independently from parents to offspring

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

The genetic makeup of an organism, representing the combination of alleles inherited from its parents.

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

The observable characteristics or physical expression of an organism’s genotype. It results from the interaction of genetic information and environmental factors.

Question 8

Dominant Allele

Answer 8

an allele that is always expressed in the phenotype when present, even if only one copy is inherited. It is represented by a capital letter

Question 9

Recessive Allele

Answer 9

an allele that is only expressed when two copies are inherited

Question 9

Sex-Linked Gene

Answer 9

a gene located on the sex chromosomes (X or Y), leading to inheritance patterns that differ between males and females.

Question 10

Co-dominance

Answer 10

occurs when both alleles are equally expressed in the phenotype, without blending.

Question 11

Crossing Over

Answer 11

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic variation.

Question 11

Epistastis

Answer 11

occurs when one gene affects the expression of another gene.