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Genetics Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Genetics is the study of _____

A

Heredity

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2
Q

Father of Genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

Gregor Mendel was an ____ monk

A

Austrian

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4
Q

Two modern applications of genetics

A
  1. Genetic engineering

2. Genetic counselling

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5
Q

`____ was the first product to be developed via genetic engineering

A

Insulin

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6
Q

GMO

A

Genetically modified organism

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7
Q

What is genetic engineering

A

Genetic constitution of organism is altered by introducing new genes into its chromosomes

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8
Q

Who undergo genetic counselling

A

Newly married couples

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9
Q

What is genetic counselling

A

Consulting specialist regarding possibilities of children inheriting any genetic disease

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10
Q

Mendel’s findings are now called

A

Mendel’s law of inheritance

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11
Q

Transmission of genetically based characteristics from parents to offspring

A

Heredity

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12
Q

Cats can produce only _

A

Cats

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13
Q

Species name of human beings

A

Homo Sapiens

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14
Q

Small differences among individuals of same species

A

Variations

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15
Q

Inheritable feature of an organism

A

Character

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16
Q

Alternative forms of a character

A

Trait

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17
Q

Hair shape is a ______

A

Character

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18
Q

Curly hair is a ___

A

Trait

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19
Q

What is albinism

A

Total absence of pigment in skin ( those white coloured persons)

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20
Q

Normal vision is a ____ whereas Eye colour is a ____

A

Trait, character

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21
Q

What is haemophilia

A

Tendency to bleed freely even from a slight wound; bleeder’s disease

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22
Q

What is thalassaemia

A

No or very less haemoglobin produced in RBCs

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23
Q

Artificial arrangement of chromosomes according to shape and size on a chart

A

Karyotype

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24
Q

A dividing cell nucleus can be photographed using high power ___ microscope

A

Light

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25
Humans have _ chromosomes in ___ pairs
46, 23
26
____ chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes of same shape and size, one from each parent
Homologous
27
22 pair of chromosomes in humans are ____________, also known as ___ chromosomes
Autosomes, body chromosomes
28
23rd pair of chromosomes in humans is called ____ chromosomes , also known as ___
Sex , Allosomes
29
XX- ______ | XY -______
Female | Male
30
Y chromosomes is larger than X chromosomes | True/False
False
31
Allosomes determine
sex of organism
32
Autosomes determine
General body features
33
Sex of child depends on father/mother
Father
34
If egg is fused by X sperm,
Daughter
35
If egg is fused by Y sperm
Son
36
Both lion and cat have ___ chromosomes
38
37
Characteristics of organism are result of ___- present on chromosomes and not ________
genes, chromosome number
38
The word "gene" was coined by
Wilhelm Johanssen
39
_____ is the full complement of DNA
Genome
40
How many genes are there in humans
19000
41
Which chromosome has largest no. of genes and how many
Chromosome no 1 , 2968
42
Which chromosome has the fewest chromosomes and how many
Y , 231
43
___ are alternative forms of a gene and occupy same ____ on ___ chromosomes
Alleles, locus, homologous
44
Two types of alleles
Dominant and recessive
45
The kind of allele which express itself regardless of type of other allele
Dominant
46
Kind of allele which is expressed only in the presence of an identical allele
Recessive
47
Genotype
Genetic constitution of organism
48
Phenotype
Observable characteristics of an organism
49
Homozygous
Similar pair of allele ( PP or pp )
50
Heterozygous
Dissimilar pair of allele (Pp)
51
in a pedigree chart, females are represented by ___ and males by ____
Circle, square
52
In a pedigree chart , recessive is indicated by ____ and dominant is indicated by ____
solid, hollow
53
Polydactyly means _____ and is a ___ trait
Extra fingers and toes, dominant
54
Albinism is a ___ trait
Recessive
55
Camptodactyly means _________ and is a _______ character
Inability to straighten little finger, dominant
56
_________is the appearance of a trait which is due to the presence of allele exclusively either on X or Y chromosome
Sex linked inheritance
57
Two examples of diseases due to X-linked inheritance
Colour blindness | Haemophilia
58
X- linked inheritance is ____(dominant/recessive) occurs usually in _____(male/female)
Recessive, males
59
Does the father' colour blindness play any role | in the color blindness of his son
Nope
60
Mendel performed his experiments on ______ plant
Garden pea
61
Scientific name for garden pea
Pisum Sativum
62
Sex linked inheritance is also known as
Criss cross inheritance
63
Garden pea is ____ plant (time period)
annual
64
How many characters could be experimented with in a pea plant
7
65
Pea plants can be _____-pollinated as well as _____-pollinated
cross, self
66
What r the 7 contrasting characters of a pea plant
``` Flower colour Seed colour Pod colour Pod shape Seed shape Flower position Plant height ```
67
In flower colour, which is dominant and which is recessive
Purple - dominant | White - recessive
68
In seed colour, which is dominant and which is recessive
Yellow - dominant | Green - recessive ( unintuitive)
69
In pod colour, which is dominant and which is recessive
Green - dominant | Yellow - recessive
70
In seed shape, which is dominant and which is recessive
Round - D | Wrinkled - R
71
In pod shape, which is dominant and which is recessive
Inflated - D | Constricted - R
72
In flower position, which is dominant and which is recessive
Axillary - dominant | Terminal - recessive
73
In plant height, which is dominant and which is recessive
Tall - dominant | Dwarf - recessive
74
___- pollination is done in a monohybrid cross to get F1 generation
Cross
75
____ - pollination is done in a monohybrid cross to get F2 generation
Self
76
Phenotypic ratio of F2 generation in monohybrid cross
3:1
76
Genotypic ratio of F2 generation
1:2:1
77
____ have only one member of a pair of genes
Gametes
78
Upon _____, the duplicate condition of gene is restored
Fertilisation
79
Three Mendel's laws of inheritance
1. Law of dominance 2. Law of segregation 3. Law of independent assortment
80
What does law of dominance tell
Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together, only one is able to express itself while the other remains supressed
81
Law of segregation is also called as
Law of purity of gametes
82
What does law of segregation tell
The two members of a pair of factors separate during formation of gametes.. they do not blend
83
What does law of independent assortment tell
When there are two pairs of characters, the distribution of alleles of one character into gametes is independent of distribution of other
84
_____ is a sudden change in one or more ___ or in the number or structure of ___
Mutation, genes , chromosomes
85
____ is an example of disease caused by mutation
Sickle cell anaemia
86
What is sickle cell anaemia and it is caused by ___ mutation resulting in change in __-
production of sickle shaped RBCs, gene mutation , DNA
87
Unit of heredity
Gene
88
_______ are carriers of heredity
Chromosomes

Biology (5 decks)

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