Genetics

Question 1

mutagens

Answer 1

agent that causes genetic mutation

Question 2

spontaneous mutation

Answer 2

occurs naturally without exposure to external mutagens

Question 3

environmental mutations

Answer 3

occur as a result of an exposure to an external mutagen

Question 4

genetic composition

Answer 4

determines biologic responses

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

an organism’s complete set of heritable genes that encode for physically expressed characteristics

Question 6

genetic drift

Answer 6

change in frequency of genes in a population over time due to a random sampling

Question 7

outbred/stock

Answer 7

randomly bred

Question 8

inbred strain

Answer 8

result of brother/sister mating

Question 9

F1 hybrid

Answer 9

mating between 2 different inbred strains
genetically identical

Question 10

cogenic strains

Answer 10

produced by repeated backcrosses of inbred strains

Question 11

transgenics

Answer 11

planned alteration to the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 12

swiss webster

Answer 12

common mice outbred
used for general purpose (drug safety testing and vaccine trials)

Question 13

CD-1

Answer 13

common mice outbred
used for genetics, toxicology, pharmacology, drug efficacy

Question 14

C57BL/6 (black 6)

Answer 14

common mice inbred
stable and easy to breed

Question 15

BALB/C (albino)

Answer 15

common mice inbred
sensitivity to carcinogens

Question 16

C3H

Answer 16

common mice inbred
risk of infectious disease and cardiovascular problems

Question 17

A/J

Answer 17

common mice inbred
resistant to diabetes and obesity

Question 18

wistar

Answer 18

common rat outbred
albino
used in nutrition, diet induced obesity, and drug safety/efficacy trials

Question 19

sprague-dawley

Answer 19

common rat outbred
albino
used in nutrition, diet induced obesity, and drug safety/efficacy trials

Question 20

long evans

Answer 20

common rat outbred
hooded (white body and black head)

Question 21

fischer 344 (F344)

Answer 21

common rat outbred
more likely to get testicular tumors, leukemia, and retinal degeneration

Question 22

spontaneously hypertensive (SHR)

Answer 22

common rat inbred
high blood pressure

Question 23

wistar-kyoto

Answer 23

common rat inbred
control for SHR

Question 24

zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF)

Answer 24

common rat inbred
more likely to have hyperglycemia and diabetes

Question 25

common F1 hybrid

Answer 25

B6D2F1 produced by female C57BL/6 and male DBA/2

Question 26

transgene

Answer 26

removing sequences from 1 organism and inserting into a fertilized ovum then transplanting into another strain and/or species

Question 27

knock-out mutant strain

Answer 27

inactivation of a specific gene or sequence of genes

Question 28

knock-in mutant strain

Answer 28

addition of a specific gene or sequence of genes

Question 29

athymic nu/nu animals

Answer 29

lack a thymus gland which causes them to be unable to produce T cells phenotype: loss of hair

Question 30

SCID

Answer 30

severe combined immuno-deficient

Question 31

what characteristics does a sentinel usually have and why?

Answer 31

young 3-5 week old outbred female because they have stronger immune responses

Question 32

fecal-oral sentinel testing

Answer 32

transfer of soiled bedding from each cage

Question 33

aerosol sentinel testing

Answer 33

open top static caging, ventilation diversion to sentinel cage

Question 34

ectoparasite sentinel testing

Answer 34

open top static caging, bedding transfer

Question 35

how long does it take for the sentinel to have an antibody response?

Answer 35

7-14 days post exposure

Question 36

how long before antibody testing is done on the sentinel?

Answer 36

2-3 weeks post exposure

Question 37

nonpermanent identification examples

Answer 37

cage cards, collars, fur dye/fur clip, ink tail marking

Question 38

permanent identification examples

Answer 38

ear notch, toe clip, tattoo, ear tag/leg band, microchip