Genetics Flashcards
What does homozygous mean
When both alleles are dominant
What does heterozygous mean
When one allele is dominant and one is recessive
What does non affected mean
When both alleles are recessive /desease
WhT does dominant mean
When only one allele is needed for it to be present
What does recessive mean
When bith alleles have to be there to be present
What are the steps of cloning
- Take a normal body cell and remove the nucleus
- Take an egg cell from another organism and remove the nucleus
- Insert the body cell nucleus into the empty egg cell
- An electric shock stimulates the cell into an embryo
- Implant the eembryo into the uterus if a surrogate organism to develop into a clone
What are the steps of genetic engineering
Select the desired characteristic
Isolate the gene responsible for the characteristic
Insert this gene into another organism
Replication of the organism
What is selective breeding
When humans choose parents to breed together
What are the advantages of selective breeding
Increased yeild, disease resistance, domesticated and gemtle animals, new crop varieties
What are the disadvantages of selective breeding
Inbreeding,more likely to pass on harmful recessive alleles, more likely to get diseases
Why carty out genetic engineering?
Improving crop yeild
Improving resistance to disease
Extended shelf life
Manufacture a chemicla
Takes less time then selective breeding
Cell membrane
Controls what comes and leave sthe cell
Nucleus
Controls the cell and holds DNA
Chromesone
A strand of DNA found in nucleus
Cytoplasm
Where chemical reactions tale place
