Genetics

Question 1

Science of heredity and variation

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Passing down of traits in the form of genes from parents to their children

Answer 2

Heredity

Question 3

Difference in genes between individuals or groups of individuals

Answer 3

Variation

Question 4

Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

Answer 4

Trait

Question 5

Different possibilities for a given trait

Answer 5

Allele

Question 6

Every trait has atleast how many alleles?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

Father of genetics who identified specific traits in the garden pea

Answer 8

Gregor Mendel

Question 9

Mendel’s conclusion

Answer 9

Law of dominance, Law of segregation, law of independent assortment

Question 10

Hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype

Answer 10

Law of dominance

Question 11

Two alleles for each trait separate when gametes form

Answer 11

Law of segregation

Question 12

Parents pass only one allele for each trait to each offspring

Answer 12

Law of segregation

Question 13

When the two parent differ from one another by one trait only

Answer 13

Monohybrid cross

Question 14

Alleles of different genes are inherited independently within the organisms that reproduce sexually

Answer 14

Law of independent assortment

Question 15

Independent assortment takes place during the process of what?

Answer 15

Meiosis

Question 16

The gene combination an organism has

Answer 16

Genotype

Question 17

The way an organism looks

Answer 17

Phenotype

Question 18

The genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 18

Genotype

Question 19

The physical characteristics of an organism

Answer 19

Phenotype

Question 20

Organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait

Answer 20

Homozygous

Question 21

Organism that has two different alleles for the same trait

Answer 21

Heterozygous

Question 22

Result of the cross

Answer 22

First filial generation

Question 23

Result of the cross

Answer 23

First filial generation

Question 24

When one allele is not completely dominant over another

Answer 24

Incomplete dominance

Question 25

When both alleles are expressed

Answer 25

Codominance

Question 26

Humans have how many chromosomes and pairs?

Answer 26

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

Question 27

22 pairs are homologous which are called

Answer 27

Autosomes

Question 28

1 pair is what?

Answer 28

Sex chromosomes

Question 29

Sex chromosomes are homologous (XX)

Answer 29

Females

Question 30

Sex chromosomes are different (XY)

Answer 30

Males

Question 31

Genes for these traits are located only on the X chromosomes at the 23rd spot

Answer 31

Sex-linked traits

Question 32

3 or more alleles of the same gene that code for a single trait

Answer 32

Multiple Alleles

Question 33

Dominant blood

Answer 33

A and B

Question 34

Recessive blood

Answer 34

O

Question 35

Graphic representation of how a trait is passed from parents to offspring

Answer 35

Pedigreees

Question 36

Linked genes sit close together on a chromosome, making them likely to be inherited together

Answer 36

Gene linkage

Question 37

When one gene mutation results in two or more seemingly unrelated observable traits

Answer 37

Pleiotropy

Question 38

Describes a certain relationship between genes, where an allele of one gene hides or masks the visible output or phenotype of another gene

Answer 38

Epistasis

Question 39

A picture of an individual's chromosome

Answer 39

Karyotype

Question 40

A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining the sex of the individual

Answer 40

Autosome

Question 41

A chromosome that is directly involved in determining the sex of the individual

Answer 41

Sex chromosome

Question 42

Stable, heritable change in the genetic material

Answer 42

Mutation

Question 43

Any change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA

Answer 43

Mutation

Question 44

One base is incorrectly added during replication and replaces the pair

Answer 44

Point mutation or single base pair

Question 45

One or more extra nucleotides are inserted into replicating DNA

Answer 45

Frameshift mutation by insertion

Question 46

One or more nucleotides is "skipped" during replication or otherwise exercised

Answer 46

Frameshift mutation by deletion

Question 47

Associated with random changes that cause errors when DNA is produced in the cell

Answer 47

Spontaneous Mutations

Question 48

the process in which the individuals are selected from a mixed population based on the phenotype

Answer 48

Mass selection

Question 49

Crossing of two different but closely related strains

Answer 49

Hybridization

Question 50

Opposite of hybridization; involves self-pollination of a single parent

Answer 50

Inbreeding