Genetics

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

a section on a chromosome that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor.

Question 2

Allel

Answer 2

the different forms of a gene

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

the alleles for all the genes on a organism’s chromosome; controls an organism’s phenotype.

Question 4

Phenotype

Answer 4

how a trait physically appears or is expressed

Question 5

Heterozygous

Answer 5

a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are different.

Question 6

Homozygous

Answer 6

a genotype in which the two alleles of a gene are the same.

Question 7

Codominance

Answer 7

an inheritance pattern in which both alleles can be observed in a phenotype.

Question 8

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 8

an inheritance pattern in which an offspring’s phenotype is a combination of the parent’s phenotype.

Question 9

Multiple Allele Inheritance

Answer 9

occurs when there are more than two different alleles of a gene for a particular trait.

Question 10

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 10

an inheritance pattern in which multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait.

Question 11

Pedigree

Answer 11

a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family.

Question 12

Who is the father of genetics? What plants did he study the traits of.

Answer 12

Gregor Mendel and he used pea plants.

Question 13

What determines the phenotype of organisms?

Answer 13

Genotype (genes, alleles)

Question 14

Describe a Punnett Square we use to make genetic predictions.

Answer 14

Punnett Square is a tool used to predict the possible genotypes for the offspring of 2 known parents.

Question 15

What are the chances that a man heterozygous for freckles and a woman without freckles would have a child with freckles?

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?

Answer 16

Phenotype is the trait or the physical appearance while genotype is the genes for the alleles. (Genetics/DNA)

Question 17

What is multiple allele inheritance and give a trait example?

Answer 17

When 2 or more alleles contribute to the phenotype. Ex) Blood type

Question 18

What is polygenic inheritance and give a trait example?

Answer 18

Traits that control 2 or more genes. Ex) Human height, eye, skin color

Question 19

List the guidelines for a dominant pedigree chart.

Answer 19

1. Affected individuals have at least one affected parent
2. The trait generally appears in every generation.
3. 2 unaffected parents only have unaffected offspring.

Question 20

List the guidelines for a recessive pedigree.

Answer 20

1. Affected individuals have at least 1 affected parent
2. Trait is not seen in every generation
3. There are carriers (unaffected, heterozygous individuals) present.

Question 21

A blue parrot (BB) is crossed with a red parrot (bb)

Answer 21

100% Blue

Question 22

A heterozygous green frog is crossed with a pure bred green frog recessive.

Answer 22

100% Green

Question 23

A heterozygous brown-eyed dog is crossed with a blue-eyed dog.

Answer 23

50% Brown
50% Blue

Question 24

2 heterozygous red apples (green is recessive) are crossed.

Answer 24

75% Red
25% Green