Genetics

Question 1

Haploid Cell

Answer 1

Reproductive cells with only 1 chromosome from each pair

Question 2

Diploid Cell

Answer 2

Body cells with pairs of chromosomes

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

One diploid cell divides and makes four haploid cells

Question 4

Fertilization

Answer 4

The reproductive process where the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote cell

Question 5

Zygote

Answer 5

The new diploid cell that is formed when a sperm haploid cell fertilizes an egg haploid cell

Question 6

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 6

a type of reproduction where one parent organism produces identical offspring without meiosis or fertilization

Question 7

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 7

a type of reproduction in which genetic material from two parents where two cells combine to produce an offspring

Question 8

Genetic Variation

Answer 8

When individuals of a species have unique genetic characteristics, allowing them to adapt and survive

Question 9

Inherited Traits

Answer 9

Traits that are passed down genetically from parent to offspring (Ex. blue eyes)

Question 10

Acquired Traits

Answer 10

Traits that cannot be passed genetically, learned over time (Ex. playing guitar)

Question 11

Dominant

Answer 11

a genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor

Question 12

Recessive

Answer 12

a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor

Question 13

Gene

Answer 13

a section of a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait

Question 14

Alleles

Answer 14

the different forms of genes (Ex. Dominant Allele - brown eye color)

Question 15

Phenotype

Answer 15

How a trait appears

Question 16

Genotype

Answer 16

the two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait (Ex. GG, Gg, gg)

Question 17

DNA

Answer 17

An organism’s genetic material

Question 18

Nucleotide

Answer 18

Molecule made up of a nitrogen base, a sugar and a phosphate group (strands of DNA)

Question 19

Replication

Answer 19

the process of copying DNA molecules

Question 20

RNA

Answer 20

Nucleic acid that contains instructions for making proteins

Question 21

DNA Mutation

Answer 21

a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene

Question 22

each child receives a _____ ___ from each parent.

Answer 22

haploid cell

Question 23

Meiosis produces

Answer 23

produces four haploid cells each with one of each chromosome pair

Question 24

Haploid cells are important because

Answer 24

they maintain the correct number of chromosomes in each offspring and maintain genetic variation

Question 25

what kind of cells are Zygote

Answer 25

diploid cells

Question 26

Asexual Reproduction Advantages, Disadcantages

Answer 26

Advantages: Rapidly reproduce, can overtake areas quickly, reproduce without a mate Disadvantages: All offspring are identical, so there is no genetic variation

Question 27

Sexual Reproduction Advatages disadvantages

Answer 27

Advantages: Produces more genetic variation - mutations are corrected, diseases do not get passed down to all individuals, individuals are able to adapt over time which allows the species to survive Disadvantages: Takes time & energy to find a mate, Slower to reproduce, long pregnancy periods, can only reproduce one offspring at a time

Question 28

Why is genetic variation important for a species?

Answer 28

1._Genetic diseases and mutations are not passed down to all individuals 2. With variations, individuals can adapt better to their environments 3. Adaptations and genetic variation allows species to survive

Question 29

If 7 cells undergo meiosis, how many cells and what type are produced?

Answer 29

7 X 4 = 28 haploid cells

Question 30

how many cells are created when they undergo mitosis

Answer 30

2 diploud cells

Question 31

A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor is..

Answer 31

Dominant and is represented by an Uppercase letter

Question 32

List two things that can affect an organism’s phenotype:

Answer 32

1. Environmental Factors 2. Individual choices

Question 33

what is a phenotype

Answer 33

itis the trait that you can see

Question 34

Which shape is DNA formed in?

Answer 34

Double Helix

Question 35

Which shape is RNA formed in?

Answer 35

Single Stranded

Question 36

When DNA is copied during cell division, what is the process called?

Answer 36

Replication

Question 37

What is RNA primarily responsible for?

Answer 37

Proteins

Question 38

List 2 ways genetic mutations can occur:

Answer 38

1. X-rays, Radioactive materials, Ultraviolet light, various chemicals 2. DNA replication

Question 39

what is the control

Answer 39

what remains constant throughout the experiment

Question 40

what is the Dependent:

Answer 40

the change that happened because of the independent

Question 41

what is the Independent:

Answer 41

The one variable you change