Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Study of how traits are passed from parent to offspring

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

Passing of genetic information from parent to offspring through reproduction (Inderidance)

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Hereditary information

Question 4

What does the sequence of the bases of DNA do?

Answer 4

They are a code for the making of a trait/protein for the organism

Question 5

The nucleus contains

Answer 5

chromosomes

Question 6

Genes

Answer 6

section of chromosomes that determines traits/charactoristics

Question 7

most complex to least complex

Answer 7

cell
nucleus
chromosomes
genes
DNA

Question 8

Sexual reproduction

Answer 8

Due to the process of meiosis in forming sperms and eggs, each parent will give the offspring 1/2 of their chromosomes. The offspring will be a combination of each parents..

Question 9

Segregation

Answer 9

Separation of the homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Gametes separate from their homologous

Question 10

Recombination

Answer 10

New combination of homologous chromosomes is created during fertilization.

Question 11

Linked genes

Answer 11

Genes on the same chromosome will usually move together in meiosis. Ex: red hair and freckles

Question 12

Crossing over

Answer 12

Exchange of a portion of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Question 13

Variation

Answer 13

Variation happens due to segregation, recombination, and crossing over.

Question 14

Self Pollination

Answer 14

Sperm and egg from the same flower.

Question 15

Cross Pollination

Answer 15

Sperm and egg from different flowers.

Question 16

Traits

Answer 16

Characteristics that appear in organisms

Question 17

homologous pairs

Answer 17

same size and Carrie genes for the same traits but form of gene (allele) may differ.

Question 18

Hybrid

Answer 18

plant that has descended from parents with different forms of a trait (heterozygous)

Question 19

F1 Generation

Answer 19

Purebred round x Pure wrinkled
(All offspring appeared round, but still are hybrids)

Question 20

F2 Generation

Answer 20

Hybrid x Hybrid
(3 round and one wrinkled appeared)

Question 21

Law of segregation and recombination

Answer 21

these factors in the parents separate in the forming of sex cells and recombine in the offspring (meiosis and fertilization)

Question 22

Dominant/recessive

Answer 22

The dominant allele will always be expressed if at least one is present. Recessive traits are only expressed if both alleles are recessive.

Question 23

Gregor Mandel

Answer 23

Known as “Father of Genetics”
Studied traits in pea plants
Studied Reproduction in Flowers

Question 24

process of plant fertilization

Answer 24

1.) sperm are in pollen on another
2.) Eggs in ovaries
3.) Sperm land on stigma and travels down pistol
4.) Seed forms and ovary becomes fruit

Question 25

Genotype

Answer 25

Two alleles an organism has for a trait. Ex: characteristic, seed color

Question 26

Phenotype

Answer 26

How the trait is shown in the individual’s physical appearance

Question 27

homozygous/purebred

Answer 27

Both alleles are the same

Question 28

Heterozygous/hybrid

Answer 28

Different alleles

Question 29

Tt

Answer 29

heterozygous/hyrdrid
dominant shows

Question 30

TT

Answer 30

Homozygous/purebred
dominant shows

Question 31

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 31

Two alleles can blend to form an intermediate trait. Straight hair allele and curly hair allele blend to show wavy hair.

Question 32

tt

Answer 32

homozygous
ressesive shows

Question 33

Co-dominance

Answer 33

Two different alleles can both show up in the organism.

Question 34

Poly genetic traits

Answer 34

some traits involve more than one set of genes. Height in humans

Question 35

Punnet squares

Answer 35

Used to predict the possibility of traits appearing in the offspring