genetics

Question 1

in population, ____ mutation is acceptable

Answer 1

0.1% genetic

Question 2

if the mutation occurs at least ___ of the population, it is now term as ____

Answer 2

1%
genetic polymorphism

Question 3

it is the simplest form of polymorphisms

Answer 3

single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 4

refers to the presence of two or more variant forms of a specific DNA sequence

Answer 4

polymorphism

Question 5

compromising the most abundant type of genetic variation

Answer 5

single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 6

variant form of a gene; always a pair

Answer 6

allele

Question 7

pair of allele that is carried by an organism “genetic make up”

Answer 7

genotype

Question 8

observable physical properties

Answer 8

phenotype

Question 9

occurs in periodontal disease is a consequence overwhelming

Answer 9

tissue distruction

Question 10

it stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells of the periodontal tissues

Answer 10

IL-1

Question 11

critical component in the homeostasis of periodontal tissues and its unrestricted production may lead to tissue damage

Answer 11

IL-1

Question 12

upregulates matrix metalloproteinases and downregulates tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase production

Answer 12

IL-1B

Question 13

effective stimulator of bone resorption

Answer 13

IL-1B

Question 14

stimulate the release of several inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), matrix metalloproteinases-8 (MMPs) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and facilitating soft and hard tissue destruction

Answer 14

IL-1B and TNF-a

Question 15

___enhance:
bacterial of phagocytes
recruit additional innate cell polulations to sites of infection
induce dendritic cell maturation and direct the subsequent specific immune response to the invading microbes

Answer 15

pro-inflammatory cytokines

Question 16

commin pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators that have central role in periodontal tissue destruction

Answer 16

Interleukin (IL-1)
tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)
prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)

Question 17

stimulating the suppression of lymphosyte production
decreasing the collagen synthesis of fibroblasts and influencing osteoclastic bone resorption

Answer 17

prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)

Question 18

a severity factor in adult periodontal disease

Answer 18

interleukin -1

Question 19

factors that regulate the immune system

Answer 19

intrinsic
acquired

Question 20

powerful molecular technique to analyze hundreds of thousands or even millions of variations in genomic DNA simultaneously

Answer 20

Genomewide association study (GWAS)

Question 21

adult periodontitis have ___ heritability which was unaltered after adjustments in the behavioral factors

Answer 21

50%

Question 22

it was found out that ___ of the relative have the same diagnosis to their respective probands

Answer 22

10%

Question 23

causes connective tissue deformities

Answer 23

Marfan syndrome

Question 24

mutations in the genes responsible for collagen biosynthesis

Answer 24

Ehler-danlos syndrome

Question 25

alterations in the immune system, at cellular and/or humoral level

Answer 25

chediak - higashi syndrome

Question 26

the alteration of the principal mechanism underlying periodontal disease mediated by immunoglobulings

Answer 26

chediak - higashi syndrome

Question 27

the neutrophils and monocytes are defective in chemotaxis, bacterial killing and degranulation and are hyperactive in their phagocytic capacity

Answer 27

chediak - higashi syndrome

Question 28

autosomal recessive inheritance distingushed by palmar plantar hyperkeratos is and early onset of periodontitis

Answer 28

papillon-leferve syndrome

Question 29

conventional periodontal therapy with adjunct ABX

Answer 29

pepillon - lefervre syndrome