Genetics

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

The study of heredity and variation

Question 2

What is eukaryotic sexual reproduction based on?

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

Fission

Answer 3

Division into two equally-sized offspring

Question 4

Budding

Answer 4

Unequal division, smaller offspring

Question 5

Fragmentation

Answer 5

Parent breaks into small new individuals

Question 6

What is Phylogeny

Answer 6

Evolutionary descent with reflected levels of genetic similarity because of shared evolutionary histories

Question 7

Where is obligate asexual reproduction found?

Answer 7

Only at the level of individual isolated species within an otherwise sexual genes

Question 8

What is Sex Determination?

Answer 8

The decision to execute male or female patterns of development

Question 9

what is Sexual differentiation

Answer 9

The execution of the decision to create a male/female developmental state

Question 10

What do Leydig cells produce?

Answer 10

Testosterone

Question 11

What does Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) promote?

Answer 11

Other somatic gonadal precursor cells to differentiate into Leydig cells

Question 12

What do Sertoli cells secrete?

Answer 12

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)

Question 13

What do somatic gonadal precursor cells differentiate into in males?

Answer 13

Sertoli cells

Question 14

What do somatic gonadal precursor cells differentiate into in females?

Answer 14

Theca and Granulosa cells

Question 15

What do Theca and Granulosa cells produce?

Answer 15

Steroid hormones Estradiol and Progesterone

Question 16

What do genital ridges contain?

Answer 16

Somatic Gonadal Precursor cells?

Question 17

Where do Germline stem cells migrate into?

Answer 17

Genital ridges from hindgut

Question 18

What do the genital ridges become?

Answer 18

Indifferent Gonads (contain both somatic gonadal cells and germline stem cells)

Question 19

Metanephric kidney

Answer 19

Persists as adult kidney

Question 20

Mesonephros kidney

Answer 20

Embryonic kidney

Question 21

Cloaca kidney

Answer 21

Single posterior opening - divides to create anal and urethral openings

Question 22

Wolffian duct

Answer 22

Becomes the vas deferens in males

Question 23

Mullerin duct

Answer 23

Becomes oviduct in females

Question 24

Capacitation

Answer 24

Occurs in female tract as sperm swims out of seminal fluid into female tract secretions. Acrosome membrane fuses with sperm cell membrane and exposes sperm receptor for egg protein

Question 25

Monoblasts

Answer 25

Sponges, only one layer blast cells

Question 26

Diploblasts

Answer 26

Jellyfish, only 2 layer blast cells

Question 27

Triploblasts

Answer 27

Flies and humans, three layers of embyronic blast cells

Question 28

Gastrulation

Answer 28

A movement and reorganisation of cells that is linked to creation of three fundamental layers of blast cells in early embryo

Question 29

All Bilateria are...?

Answer 29

Tripoblastic

Question 30

In a 2 factor cross with loci which are closely linked on the same chromosome, the frequency of recombinant phenotypes

Answer 30

Is less than that of the parental phenotypes

Question 31

When 2 true breeding strains are crossed, the F1 generation will not be uniform in genotype for an X-linked gene

Answer 31

True

Question 32

At one stage of meiosis, the DNA of each chromosome separates and single DNA strands segregate into daughter cells

Answer 32

False

Question 33

When 2 true breeding strains are crossed, the F1 generation will not be uniform in genotype for an autosomal gene

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Two loci are located on non-homologous chromosomes. They segregate independently only if crossing over occurs frequently between them.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair to form bivalents

Answer 35

True

Question 36

In interphase, a chromosome is a double stranded molecule of DNA

Answer 36

True

Question 37

During meiosis, sister chromatids separate at:

Answer 37

Anaphase of Meiosis II

Question 38

Members of a homologous pair of chromosomes are

Answer 38

Identical in microscopic size and appearance

Question 39

Two loci are located on non-homologous chromosomes. They segregate independently only if crossing over occurs frequently between them

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Hemizygosity occurs

Answer 40

In males for genes on the X chromosome