Genetics

Question 1

2 modes of reproduction

Answer 1

Asexual and sexual

Question 2

Asexual

Answer 2

are able to reproduce by itself ex: bacteria, fungi, plants

Question 3

3 types of Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Binary Fission, Fragmentation, Budding

Question 4

Binary Fission

Answer 4

Parent cell splits into 2 identical copies of itself

Question 5

Fragmentation

Answer 5

Parent breaks into pieces and fragments. each one becomes a new organism

Question 6

Budding

Answer 6

Parent produces and bud that grows and breaks off when ready

Question 7

3 types of sexual reproduction

Answer 7

Pollination, external and internal fertilization

Question 8

Pollination

Answer 8

occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers to the female by wind or animals

Question 9

Fertilization

Answer 9

The process of combing two gametes

Question 10

Zygote

Answer 10

a fertilized egg

Question 11

External Fertilization

Answer 11

happens outside of a body in water ex: fish, amphibians

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

Sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 13

Do you know how to do a punett square

Answer 13

yessss

Question 14

Internal Fertilization

Answer 14

Occurs within the body usually in mammals

Question 15

Allele

Answer 15

One form of a gene that controls a particular trait

Question 17

DNA shape

Answer 17

double helix

Question 18

Nucleotide

Answer 18

building blocks of DNA

Question 18

Chromosomes

Answer 18

• thread like structure within the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA
• humans have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent

Question 19

What are the 4 bases

Answer 19

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Question 20

What is in a nucleotide

Answer 20

sugar, phosphate, base

Question 21

Base paring

Answer 21

A & T, C & G

Question 22

Complementary Strands

Answer 22

The 2 strands or sides of DNA

Question 23

RNA

Answer 23

gets genetic message out to cells

Question 24

RNA shape

Answer 24

single stranded

Question 25

Gene

Answer 25

a segment of DNA that codes for protein

Question 26

Process of traits

Answer 26

Gene makes sequence of amino acid then they make protein which expresses traits

Question 27

Protein synthesis

Answer 27

DNA gives the instructions, mRNA copies them and carries them out of the nucleus, and tRNA brings the correct amino acids to build a protein.

Question 28

Mutation

Answer 28

A random change in the organisms DNA

Question 29

3 outcomes of Mutation

Answer 29

Benefit, no change, Harmful change

Question 30

3 types of Mutation

Answer 30

substitution, deletion, insertion

Question 31

DNA repair enzymes

Answer 31

proteins that constantly check for and fix mistakes in DNA

Question 32

Enzymes

Answer 32

proteins that speed things up in the body

Question 33

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 33

disease caused by substitution mutation of hemoglobin

Question 34

Hemoglobin

Answer 34

The oxygen carrying protein in RBC

Question 35

Genetics

Answer 35

The study of heritable traits

Question 36

Gregor Mendel

Answer 36

The father of Genetics

Question 37

Heredity

Answer 37

The passing of genes from parents to offspring

Question 38

Traits

Answer 38

Characteristics determined by genes on the chromosomes

Question 39

Proteins

Answer 39

Do specific functions in your body to show your traits

Question 40

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 40

matching pairs of chromosomes one from each parent that carry the same types of genes, just in different versions

Question 41

YAs

Answer 41

im eatin

Question 42

Dominant Alleles

Answer 42

A dominant allele always shows up in your traits, even if you only have one copy of it

Question 43

Recessive Alleles

Answer 43

A recessive allele only shows up if you have two copies of it (one from each parent)

Question 44

Genotype

Answer 44

Your genetic code (like Bb or bb)

Question 45

Phenotype

Answer 45

The trait you actually see (like brown eyes or blue eyes)

Question 46

Homozygous Dominant (AA)

Answer 46

means both alleles are the same

Question 47

Heterozygous (Aa)

Answer 47

one allele is dominant (A) and one is recessive (a). the person will show the dominant trait, but they are a carrier for the recessive trait

Question 48

Homozygous Recessive (aa)

Answer 48

both alleles are the same and recessive for the person to show the recessive trait, they need two copies of the recessive allele.

Question 49

Purebread

Answer 49

Homozygous

Question 50

Hybrid

Answer 50

Heterozygous

Question 51

What did Mendel cross in his first generation experiment

Answer 51

A purebred tall plant (TT) and a purebred short plant (tt)

Question 52

Punnett Squares

Answer 52

tool used to predict the possible genetic outcomes and ratios of offspring from two parents

Question 53

Incomplete dominance

Answer 53

heterozygous (Rr) show a blend of dominant and recessive traits (red + white = pink)

Question 54

Codominance

Answer 54

both alleles are expressed equally showing both traits (red + white = roan/spots)

Question 55

Multiple Alleles

Answer 55

3+ alleles for a trait (A, B, O for blood type). A and B are dominant, O is recessive.