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Science Term 3 > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is egestion?

A

Egestion is the removal of undigested food.

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2
Q

What is excretion?

A

Excretion is the removal of waste products from the body.

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3
Q

Who discovered DNA’s structure?

A

Dr. Watson and Dr. Crick.

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4
Q

What type of structure does DNA have?

A

A double helix structure.

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5
Q

What is a double helix like?

A

A double helix is like a ladder that has been twisted.

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6
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?

A

23 pairs of chromosomes.

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7
Q

How many chromosomes does a human have?

A

A human has 46 chromosomes.

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8
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the process by which cells separate into two identical cells and where the chromosome number remains exactly the same.

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9
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is a long molecule which carries information needed by the cell.

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10
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A chromosome is a structure containing tightly coiled molecules of DNA.

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11
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a section of a chromosome which codes for a particular characteristic.

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12
Q

Why do we need new cells?

A

To promote growth and replace dying cells.

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13
Q

What is meiosis?

A

A type of cell division that halves the chromosome number. Meiosis makes sex cells.

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14
Q

What is an allele?

A

A variant of a gene, either dominant or recessive.

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15
Q

What is the genotype?

A

The type of gene.

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16
Q

What is the phenotype?

A

The physical appearance.

17
Q

Why do genes have two alleles?

A

Because chromosomes come in pairs.

18
Q

What are alleles that are expressed called?

A

Alleles that are shown are called dominant.

19
Q

What are alleles that are not expressed called?

A

Alleles that are not shown are called recessive.

20
Q

What is the genotype eg. BB called?

A

Homozygous dominant.

21
Q

What is the genotype eg. Bb called?

A

Heterozygous.

22
Q

What is the genotype eg. bb called?

A

Homozygous recessive.

23
Q

What are two examples of sex linked inherited characteristics?

A
  1. Haemophilia

2. Red-green colour blindness

24
Q

Why is variation important?

A

It helps to ensure the survival of a species.

Science Term 3 (7 decks)

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