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eBIOLOGY Unit 1/2 > Genetics > Flashcards

Flashcards in Genetics Deck (17)
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1
Q

define DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid is a self replicating material which is present in most living cells. it is the main carrier of genetic info.

2
Q

base is connected to a

A

sugar

3
Q

define gene

A

a sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome. they correspond for a specific trait.

4
Q

define chromosome

A

a thread like structure of acids and proteins found in the nucleus. they carry genetic info in the form of genes

5
Q

define genetic manipulation

A

the study of engineering/changing genes in an organism to serve a specific purpose. it changes the genetic make up of the cells

6
Q

gene splicing process

A
plasmid removed from bacteria
cut using enzyme
dna removed from donor by restriction enzyme
two paired so sticky ends join
placed in plasmid
ligase glues back together phosphate bonding
plasmid put back into bacteria
multiplies
7
Q

mendels experiments

A

over many generations of pea plants, discovered certain traits are present in offspring without any blending of parent characteristics

8
Q

define allele

A

alternative version of gene. they pair together to form a genotype

9
Q

dominant

A

can override another allele and be expressed in the phenotype with only one allele in the genotype

10
Q

recessive

A

alleles that need two of themselves in the genotype to be expressed in the phenotype.

11
Q

autosomal inheritance

A

inheritance of genes on chromosomes 1-22 or autosomes

12
Q

sex linked inheritance

A

inheritance of genes on the sex chromosome or chromosome 23

13
Q

genotype

A

a pair of alleles corresponding for a phenotype

14
Q

phenotype

A

a physical visible trait that is programmed by a genotype

15
Q

pedigree woman shape

A

circle

16
Q

pedigree man shape

A

square

17
Q

pedigree half coloured

A

carrier or heterozygous